HELIANTHUS 



HELIANTHUS 



1447 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



A. Plants animal: Ivs. long-petioled: disk 

 brown or purplish. 

 B. St. erect, stout, simple or branching 

 above. 



c. Pubescence rough 1. annuus 



cc. Pubescence usually silky 2. argophylius 



BB. St. diffuse, slender, branching freely 



from the base 3. debilis 



AA. Plants perennial by creeping root- 

 stocks: Ivs. sessile or short-petioled. 

 b'. Disk brown or purplish. 



c. Lvs. linear, entire (except the 

 lower), sessile. 



D. St. rough 4. orgyalis 



DD. St. usually smooth 5. angustifoUus 



cc. Lvs. ovate to broad-lanceolate, 

 mostly toothed, narrowed at 

 the base into a winged petiole. 

 D. Rays numerous, the fls. 2^2-4 



in. broad 6. scaberrimus 



DD. Rays 10-16, about 1 in. long.. 7. atrorubens 

 BB. Disk yellowish. 



c. St. smooth below, the branches 

 often slightly rough or pubes- 

 cent. 

 D. Foliage pale beneath. 



E. Lvs. prevailingly lanceolate. 

 F. The lvs. glabrous on both 



sides 8. laevigatus 



FF. The lvs. roughened be- [ratus 



neath 9. grosse-ser- 



EE. Lvs. prevailingly ovate 10. strumosus 



DD. Foliage green on both sides. 



E. Lvs. stalked 11. decapetalus 



EE. Lvs. sessile or nearly so. . . . 12. divaricatus 

 cc. St. rough or hairy below. 



D. Rootstocks thickened into one 

 or more fleshy tubers. 

 E. Lvs. prevailingly lanceolate. 



F. The lvs. rough only above. 13. giganteus 

 FF. The lvs. rough both sides. .li. Maximilianii 



EE. Lvs. prevailingly ovate 15. tuberosus 



DD. Rootstocks all slender. 



E. Lower lvs. sessile or with a 

 clasping base. 



F. Lvs. sessile 16. doronicoides 



FF. Lvs. cordate, clasping. . . .17. mollis 

 EE. Lower lvs. short-petioled. 



F. St. 1-3 ft., not branching. .IS. pumilus 

 FF. St. usually over 3 ft., 

 branching. 

 G. The St. smooth and 



glabrous 19. californicus 



QG. The St. usually rough 

 and hispid. 

 H. Foliage equally rough 



on both sides 20. lactiflorus 



HH. Foliage rougher above 

 than beneath. 

 I. The lvs. short-peti- 

 oled 21. hirsutus 



II. The upper lvs. nar- 

 rowed at the base.2'2. tracheliifoUus 



1. annuus, Linn. Common Sunflower. St. 3-12 

 ft., rough-hairy, often mottled: lvs. 4-12 in. long, 

 broadly ovate, acute, the lower cordate, coarsely ser- 

 rate, rough on both sides, .3-nerved : fls. 3-6 in. wide in 

 wild specimens, often 14 in cult. July-Sept. Minn, to 

 Texas, west to Wash, and CaUf. Gn. 27, p. 68. Gt. 

 43, p. 95 and B.R. 1265 (as H. lenticularis).—A val- 

 uable economic and ornamental pl.ant. The lvs. are 

 used for fodder, the fls. yield a yellow dye, the seeds 

 furnish an oil and are used for food. It is grown for 

 food chiefly in Russia. H. annuus has long been in cult, 

 as an ornamental, and has varied into many distinct 

 forms. Common varieties are: Var. californicus, Hort., 

 very large and double; var. citrinus, Hort., with prim- 

 rose-colored rays (Gn. 49, p. 327); var. globdsus fistu- 

 Idsus, Hort., enormous globular heads (Gn. 27, p. 68); 

 var. nanus fl. pi., Hort., (Globe of Gold), dwarf and 

 double, valuable for borders; Russian Giant, 10-12 



ft. high, single, grown mostly for seed; var. variegatus, 

 Hort., with variegated lvs. 



The H. lenticularis, Douglas, is commonly referred 

 to H. annuus. Cockerell supposes, however, that H. 

 lenticularis is the wild species from which the cultivated 

 forms of H. annuus are derived. Even so, H. annuus, 

 being a Linnican name, must stand. The many inter- 

 esting mutations and hybrids observed and produced 

 by Cockerell are based on the wild H. annuus (or H. 

 lenticularis). Placing his variants under H. lenticularis, 

 he names them as follows: Var. bicolor, Ckll., rays red, 

 tipped yellow; var. zom'ttu^, Ckll., rays red-banded; 

 var. rubcrrimus, Ckll., rays chestnut-red throughout; 

 var. primulinus, Ckll., primrose-yellow; var. vinosus, 

 Ckll., rays wine-red; var. I'inossissitnus, Ckll,, raya 

 entirely dark wine-red; var. 7iiger, Ckll., rays practically 

 black above and sUghtly red at tip. This group of 

 variants comprises the red sunflowers, now in cult. 

 (See account also by Cockerell, page 1446.) 



2. argophylius, Torr. & Gray. Silvery-leaved Sun- 

 flower. St. usually solitary, 4^5 ft. high, soft gray, 

 with a dense, silky pubescence, especiaUy the upper 

 branches. Otherwise like H. annuus, into which it 

 seems to vary under cult, if the seedhngsare not con- 

 stantly selected for their silky character. Texas. The 



..., M 



1795. Clump of Helianthus orgyalis, 



