1448 



HELIANTHUS 



HELIANTHUS 



var. texana, Hort., which does not differ botanically 

 from the type, is an attractive form of this species. 

 R.H. 1857, p. 431. Gn. 12, p. 280; 27, p. 67; 55, p. 147. 

 3. debilis, Nutt. (//. cucumerif alius, Torr. & Gray). 

 Cucumber-leaved Sunflower. Fig. 1794. St. 1-4 ft. 

 high, usually several together, hairy throughout: 



1796. Helianthus decapetalus var. multiflorus. 



(See species No. 11) 



branches often mottled with purple or white, each one 

 bearing a fl.: Ivs. 1-4 in. long, ovate to triangular, 

 generally with a cordate base, thin, glossy, irregularly 

 toothed or entire: fls. 2-3 in. wide, on slender peduncles. 

 July-Sept. Fla. to Texas and westward. G.C. III. 17: 

 167. Gt. 44, p. 571. B.M. 7432. Gn. 49:326.— This is 

 one of the best for cut-fls. It needs a sandy soil. Var. 

 plumosus, Hort. Disk-florets hgulate, from pale to 

 deep yellow. Var. purpftreus, Hort. Ray-fiorets vary- 

 ing in color from light pink to deep purple. 



4. orgyalis, DC. Fig. 1795. St. 8-10 ft. high, strict, 

 smooth, very leafy to the top: Ivs. 8-16 in. long, acumi- 

 nate, slightly rough, drooping: fls. numerous, lemon- 

 yellow. Sept., Oct. Dry plains. Neb. to Texas and 

 westward. Gn. 27, p. 67; 55, p. 147. F.R. 2:146.— 

 This species has distinct and attractive foliage, which 

 is not at all coarse. A well-grown plant will produce 

 spikes of fls. nearly 4 ft. long. 



5. angustifolius, Linn. Swamp Sunflower. St. 

 2-6 ft. high, simple or branching above, sUghtly rough: 

 Ivs. 2-7 in. long, somewhat tufted, drooping, in dried- 

 up specimens with rolled edges, smooth or slightly 

 rough: fls. 2-3 in. wide, few or solitary. Aug.-Oct. 

 Wet land, N. Y. to Fla., west to Ky. and Texas. B.M. 

 2051. 



6. scaberrimus, Ell. (H. rigidvs, Desf. H. missiouri- 

 ensis, Schwein.). St. 1-3 ft. high (rarely 5-8 ft.), 

 strict, sparingly branched, rough or hairy: Ivs. 6-12 in. 

 long, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, firm, thick, rough- 

 hairy, entire or sUghtly toothed: fls. 21^-4 in. wide, 

 showy, long-stalked; rays numerous, about l}i in. 

 long; disk sometimes yellow at first, turning brown. 

 Aug.-Oct. Minn, to 111., Ga., and Texas prairies. 

 B.R. 508 (as H. atrorubens). B.M. 2020 (as H. diffusus) ; 

 2668 (as H. atrorubens). Gn. 27, p. 68. G. 3:391; 17: 



544 (both as Harpalium rigidum). — After H. decape- 

 talus this species is one of the best perennial sunflow- 

 ers. It varies under cult, chiefly in the direction of 

 doubUng and in lengthening the blooming period. 

 Some of the best garden varieties are aestivalis, grandi- 

 fl6rus, semiplenus and Miss Mellish. . 



7. atrorubens, Linn. {H. sparsifolius, Hort.). Pur- 

 ple-disk Sunflower. St. 2-5 ft. high: Ivs. usually 

 thin, sometimes hoary beneath: fls. about 2 in. across; 

 rays few (10-16), rarely over 1 in. long; disk dark red. 

 Otherwise like H. rigidus, to which it is inferior. Va. to 

 Fla., west to Ohio and La. G.M. 52:827 (as H. sparsi- 

 folius). — Suitable for dry shady places. 



8. laevigatus, Torr. & Gray. St. 2-5 ft., simple or 

 branched above: Ivs. 3-6 in. long, lanceolate, smooth, 

 entire or slightly toothed: fls. 1-1 M in. broad, few or 

 solitary; rays 6-10, usually less than 1 in. long. Aug.- 

 Oct. Va. to N. C. 



9. grosse-serratus, Mart. St. 6-10 ft. high, very 

 smooth, glaucous, the smaller branches strigose: Ivs. 

 long-lanceolate, slender-petioled, rough above, densely 

 hairy or canescent beneath: fls. many, cymose, 1-3 in. 

 broad; rays 10-20, deep yellow. Aug.-Oct. N. Y. and 

 Pa. to Mo., south to Texas. — Passes into H. giganteus. 



10. strumosus, Linn. St. 3-7 ft. high, usually branch- 

 ing, often glaucous: Ivs. 3-8 in. long, ovate-lanceolate, 

 rough above, entire or toothed: fls. 2J^-4 in. across; 

 rays 8-15, 1-1 }-2 in. long. July-Sept. Open woods, 

 Canada ta Ga. and west to Wis. and Ark. Var. 

 macrophyllus, Britt. Lvs. downy beneath. B.M. .3689 

 (as //. 7iioUis.). 



11. decapetalus, Linn. Wild Sunflower. St. 2-5 

 ft. high, branched above: lvs. 3-8 in. long, ovate- 

 lanceolate, sharply serrate, thin, rough above, finely 

 pubescent beneath: fls. 2-3 in. across, numerous; rays 

 light yellow, generally more than 10, in spite of the 

 specific name. July-Sept. Moist soils. Que. to Ga., 

 west to Mich, and Ky. G.C. II. 16:601.— Under cult, 

 it has given rise to the horticultural var. multiflorus, 

 (H. multiflorus, Hort.). Fig. 1796. B.M. 227. G.C. 

 III. 10:421. Gn. 27:66, pp. 71, 74; 45, p. 373. Gt. 

 43, p. 554. Gng. 3:83. F.R. 2:413. G. 21:592. G.W. 

 47:627. — The many garden forms of var. multiflorus 

 differ mainly in the extent of doubhng, season of bloom- 

 ing, habit of plant and size of fl. Among the best are: 

 Var. flore-pleno (sometimes adver- 

 tised as var. dfiplex) and var. grandi- 

 ilorus, almost completely double 

 (G. 4:427; 11:231); var. major, fls. 

 larger than common (G. 4:163); var. 

 maximus, very large, single fls. with 

 pointed rays; var. simplex, an alleged 

 single form; Soliel d'Or, with quilled 

 florets, Uke a cactus dahlia. Multi- 

 florus varieties are the most popular of 

 perennial sunflowers, and deservedly 

 so. If the double forms are grown on 

 poor soil, or are allowed to remain for 

 several years without being divided, 

 they become single. 



12. divaricatus, Linn. Fig. 1797. 

 St. 1-6 ft. high, glabrous or slightly 

 rough at the summit: lvs. sessile, 

 rough above, pubescent beneath, 3- 

 nerved, standing out nearly at right 

 angles to the st. : fls. few or soh- 

 tary, 2 in. across; rays 8-15. 

 July-Sept. Dry woodlands, Can- 

 ada to Fla., west to Neb. and La. 



13. giganteus, Linn. Indian 

 Potato. St. 3-12 ft. high, stout: 

 lvs. 3-7 in. long, lanceolate, very 

 rough, serrate or nearly entire: 

 fls. usually several, l}^-3 in. 



1797. Helianthus 

 divaricatus. 



