HIERACIUM 



HIGGINSIA 



1491 



if left to themselves will soon form a dense mat of 

 herbage over the poorest of soils. The Old World 

 species are much confused. 



A. Flowering si. leafless or with 1-5 Ivs.: Ivs. mostly 



in a rosette at base of st. 



B. Scapes unbranched above, bearing but a single head. 



Pilosella, Linn. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. St. 

 slender, 4-12 in. high, stoloniferous, densely hairy 

 throughout: Ivs. entire, oblong or spatulate, narrowed 

 into a petiole: fls. 1 in. broad, pale yellow, sometimes 

 striped or tinged with red or purple. — Commonly 

 flowers the whole season. Intro, from Eu. and common 

 in dooryards and fields; often as a troublesome weed. 

 Ont. toPa. and Mich. 



BB. Scapes branched above, bearing several to many 

 heads. 

 c. Basal Ivs. coarsely toothed. 

 vulgatum, Fries (H. umbrosum, Jord.). St. 1-3 ft. 

 high, slightly glaucous: basal Ivs. 2-5 in. long, oblong 

 to lanceolate, acute at both ends, petioled; petioles 

 usually pubescent: fl. -stalks straight, sticky. July- 

 Sept. Intro, from Eu. and Asia. Lab. to N. J. 



cc. Basal Ivs. entire or very finely toothed. 

 D. Lvs. mostly obovale to ovate, purple-veined. 



ven6suin, Linn. Rattlesnake Weed. St. 1-3 ft. 

 high, slender, smooth or nearly so: lvs. 1-4 in. long, 

 obovate to spatulate, subsessile: fls. M-Min- wide, 

 bright yellow. Aug., Sept. Dry woods, Maine to Ga. 

 and west to Manitoba and Neb. — A common plant in 

 woods and, as an escape, a very troublesome weed. 

 Advertised by one dealer in native plants. 



DD. Lvs. mostly spatulate to oblong, green-veined. 



aurantiacum, Linn. Orange Hawkweed. Dbvil's- 

 BiT. St.! 6 in. to 2 ft. high, slender, somewhat hairy: 

 heads 3^^-! in. across, short-stalked, orange to orange- 

 red. June-Oct. Naturalized from Eu. by roadsides 

 and in fields, Ont. to Pa. — A bad weed if allowed to 

 spread. It is worthy of being established in high and 

 dry parts of a rockery, where few other plants can 

 grow. 



praealtum, Vill. {H. stolonlferum, Bess.). Plants usu- 

 ally spreading very rapidly by stolons: St. 2-3 ft. high, 

 slender, glaucous, hairy at base: basal lvs. entire: 

 heads 3^in. across, in an open cyme, bright yellow. 

 June-Sept. — Naturalized from Eu. along roadsides in 

 N. Y.; sometimes troublesome in cult. land. 



aa. Flowering st. leafy, at least below. 

 B. St. branching from the base. 



ramosum, Waldst. & Kit. Lvs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 narrowed at the base, toothed, hairy on margin and 

 beneath; lower lvs. petioled, upper ones subsessile. 

 July-Sept. Eu. 



nivale, Froel. White Hawkweed. Differs from H. 

 ramosum chiefly in having white fls. and glaucous, 

 somewhat leathery lvs., which are not hairy on the 

 margin. A white hawkweed is advertised and, accord- 

 ing to some, this is the only white-fid . species in the 

 genus. Tyrolese Alps. 



BB. St. unbranched below. 



c. Whole plant silky-villose. 



villdsum, Jacq. Shaggy Hawkweed. St. 1-2 ft. 

 high, often 4 ft. under cult. : basal lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late to lanceolate, narrowed at the base, finely toothed; 

 st.-lvs. sessile, the upper half clasping: fls. 15-^2 in. 

 across, bright golden. June-Aug. Eu. Gn. 46:542. 

 G.M. 44:596. — The silvery foliage and showy fls. of 

 this species make it more desirable for the garden than 

 any other hieracium now in cult. It is easily kept 

 from spreading. 



cc. Plant smooth or slightly pubescent. 



canadense, Mich.x. St. 1-5 ft. high, slender: lvs. 

 ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute, serrate or deeply 

 incised, sessile, the upper with clasping ba.se: fls. 1 in. 

 across, the outer involucral bracts spreading. June- 

 Aug. Dry woods, Nova Scotia to Pa., west to Brit. 

 Col. and Ore. 



Grondvu, Linn. St. 1-3 ft. high, stiff: lvs. hairy, the 

 upper oval or oblong, broadly .sessile, the lower obovate 

 to spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole: fls. yi-H'm. 

 wide. Sandy soils. Canada to Fla., west to Mo. and La. 



B. alpinum, Linn. Lvs. oblong or lanceolate, slightly toothed: 

 fl.-sts. about 6 in. high, bearing 1-3 small, narrow lvs. and a single 

 rather large head of bright yellow fls. Mountains of N. Eu. and 

 Asia and the higher ranges of Cent, and S. Eu. — //. Bdrnmudleri, 

 Freyn. Resembling H. viUosum but lvs. thicker and more woolly, 

 and fl.-heads larger and brighter yellow. Asia Minor. — H. mar- 

 ginatum, Froel. A glaucous erect perennial, the leafy branches 

 widely spreading: lvs. linear-lanceolate, st.-clasping at the base, 

 the margins toothed and the under side reticulated: peduncles 

 quite naked. Habitat(?). Little known in U. S. 



S. W. Fletcher. 



N. Taylor, t 

 HIEROCHLOE (Greek, hieros, holy, and chloe, 

 grass). Graminex. Fragrant perennial grasses with 

 flat blades and terminal 

 panicles ; only rarely 

 planted. Spikelets with 

 1 terminal perfect and 2 

 lateral staminate florets, 

 usually shining brown. — 

 Species about 13, tem- 

 perate and arctic regions 

 of both hemispheres. 

 This genus contains the 

 fragrant vanill a - grass, 

 the sterile shoots of 

 which are woven by 

 the North American 

 Indians into small mats, 

 baskets and boxes. These 

 retain their fragrance 

 for years. The seed 

 seems to be nowhere ob- 

 tainable, and only one 

 American dealer adver- 

 tises plants of it. The 

 odor is Uke that of the 

 common perennial sweet 

 vernal grass, Anihoxan- 

 thum odoratum, but is 

 more powerful. Hierc- 

 chloe is closely allied to 

 Anthoxanthum, but is 

 distinguished by the 

 staminate lateral florets 

 and rather loose pani- 

 cles, Anthoxanthum hav- 

 ing sterile lateral florets 

 and contracted panicles. 



odorata, Wahl. {H. 

 borcalis, Roem. & Schult. 

 Savasldna odorata, 

 Scribn.). Vanilla- 

 Grass. Holy - Grass. 

 Seneca-Grass. Sweet- 

 scented Grass. Fig. 

 1838. Rather slender, 

 smooth, 1-2 ft. high: lvs. 

 short: panicle brownish, 

 spreading, 2-4 in. long. 

 June, July. Eu., N. 

 Amer. B. B. 1:132. 

 Dept. Agric, Div. Agrost. 

 20:56. A.S.Hitchcock. 



HIGGINSIA: Hoffmannia. 1838. Hierochloe odorata. 



