JASMINUM 



JATROPHA 



1719 



but with slender and weak branches which are angled: 

 Ivs. alternate; Ifts. 3 (rarely 1), somewhat curved, obo- 

 vate to spatulate or oblong, obtuse: fls. yellow, not 

 fragrant, few in subterminal clusters; calyx-lobes 

 subulate; corolla-tube twice length of calyx, about J 2in. 

 long ; lobes of corolla 5, obtuse : berries black at maturity. 

 S, Eu,, N. Afr. B.M. 461.— Evergreen. 



20. hfimile, Linn. (J. revoliiium, Sims. J. Wal- 

 lichianum Lindl. J. flavum, Sieb. J. tritimphans, 

 Hort.). Fig. 2009. A diffuse shrub, in the open ground 



(XH) 



in the S. reaching 20 ft. and requiring support, but in 

 glasshouses usually grown as a pot-bush : branches gla- 

 brous, angled: Ivs. alternate, odd-pinnate (rarely 

 reduced to 1 1ft.), the lateral Ifts. 1-3 pairs, all Ifts. 

 thickish and acuminate, and more or less revolute on 

 the edges, varying from oblong to oblong-lanceolate 

 to oblong-rotund: fls. bright yellow, in open clusters; 

 calyx-teeth very short; corolla-tube ?/4-l in. long, 

 usually considerably exceeding the mostly obtuse and 

 reflexing lobes. Trop. Asia. B.M. 1731. B.R. 178; 

 3.50; 1409. L.B.C. 10:966.— Apparently the common- 

 est jasmine in American glasshouses, iisuaUy known 

 as J. revolutum. It is hardy in the open as far north as 

 Maryland. Lvs. thick and evergreen. Needs a cool 

 house if grown under glass. Summer and fall bloomer. 

 J. Reevesii, Hort., probably belongs to this species. 

 Some horticulturists distinguish a J. humile from J. 

 revolutum, the former said to be of smaller size, less 

 floriferous, and fls. smaller and scarcely fragrant. 



21. pubigerum, D. Don. Erect shrub, much like /. 

 humile and perhaps a form of it, but softly and densely 

 villous: lvs. alternate; Ifts. 3-7, to 2 in. long, suborbic- 

 ular to ovate or oblong, villous on both surfaces: fls. 

 yellow, in dense nearly sessile, very villous, about 15-fld. 

 cymes; calyx-teeth linear, longer than in J. humile; 

 corolla-tube ^^in. long. India. 



22. odoratissimum, Linn. Much Uke No. 20, but 

 more erect and less leaf}' when in flower: lvs. alternate, 

 the Ifts. 3 or 5, shining, oval or broad-oval and obtuse: 

 fls. yellow, in a termiital cluster; calyx-teeth very short; 

 coroUa-lobes oblong-obtuse, mostly shorter than the 

 tube. Summer. Madeira. B.M. 285. — It is an erect, 

 glabrous shrub with straight, stiff, terete or slightly 

 angular branches. 



23. fioridum, Bunge (J. suhulalum, Lindl.). Shrub, 

 glabrous, erect but with flex-uous branches: lvs. alter- 

 nate, 3-foliolate (rarely .5-foUolate), the Ifts. coriaceous, 

 ovate-oblong or oval and acute: fls. golden yellow, i 2in. 

 diam. in open cymes or panicles; calyx-teeth long- 

 subulate, as long as the tube, the calyx-tube turbinate 

 and 5-angled; corolla-tube 4 times length of calyx; 

 segms. ovate, acute, spreading to 15i in. across; sta- 

 mens included. China. B.M. 6719. — Hardy as far 

 north as Washington. Apparently very little planted. 



J. auriculatum, Vahl. Scandent, pubpscent or nfarly glabrous: 

 Iva. mostly siniplp but sometimes :5-foliolate and the lateral Ifts. 

 reduced to auricles; fls. white, in compound many-fid. cymes; 

 corolla-tube J^ain. or less long, the lobes elliptic and Uin. long. 



India. B.R. 264. — J. calcdreum, Muell., is a spring- and summer- 

 blooming Australian twining quite glabrous species with 

 white fls. and simple, opposite, thick, 3- or 5-nerved lvs. — /. didy- 

 mum, Forst. Climber: fis. small, white, in narrow axillary cymes 

 which exceed the lvs.: lvs. opposite, ternate; Ifts. often refuse. 

 Austral. B.M. 6349. Said to be an excellent warmhouse species. — 

 J. Girdldii, Diels. Branches angled, hairy: lvs. alternate, 3-5-foli- 

 olate; Ifts. lanceolate, somewhat obtuse or apiculate, the terminal 

 one longer: corymb terminal, about 3-5-fld. : calyx-segms, subulate, 

 hispid: coioUa yellow, the tube 6-S times longer than calyx, the 

 lobes apiculate. China. Allied to J. humile and J. pubigerum. — 

 J. paniculdtum, Roxbg. Evergreen climber, suitable for warmhouse: 

 lvs. opposite, 3 foliolate: Ifts. elliptic, obtuse: fls. white, in cymes; 

 corolla-tube J-iin. long. China. B.R. 690. L.B.C. 5:469. — J. po!y- 

 dnlhum, Francli., a Chinese species in the way of J. grandiflorum, 

 may be expected to appear in cult, in greenhouses. Fls. white 

 inside, reddish outside, long-tubed, very fragrant: lvs. opposite, 

 with about 5 long-acuminate Ifts: sts. long and sarmentose. R.H. 

 1S91.P.270. L. H.B. 



JATEORHIZA (name alludes to healing qualities of 

 the root). Also spelled Jatrorrhiza. Menispermdcex. 

 Tropical twiners. 



Herbaceous perennials or suffrutescent, with rough 

 or setose sts.: lvs. large, palmately lobed: dicecious; 

 male fls. in long and slender racemose panicles in the 

 axils; female fls. in racemes that are simple or nearly 

 so; sepals 6 in 2 series; petals 6, shorter than the 

 sepals; stamens (in male fl.) 6, the filaments free or 

 connate; carpels (in female fl.) 3, with divided stigmas: 

 fr. an ovoid drupe. — Species apparently 2, in Trop. 

 Afr. J. palmata, Miers (Cocculus palmatus, DC. 

 Menispermum palmatu7n, Lam. M. Colionba, Roxbg. 

 J. Columba, Miers). Probably not in the trade in our 

 territory, but the fascicled fusiform fleshy roots are 

 the source of the drug calumba: st. herbaceous: lvs. 

 6-16 in. across, 3-5-lobed, deeply cordate, the lateral 

 lobes bread-ovate or roundish triangular, the central 

 lobe often broadly obovate: male panicles very slender, 

 6-12 in. or more long: drupes ovoid, setose, in clusters 

 of 4-6. Mozambique; the name calumba or columba 

 is said to have come from Columbo, Ceylon, whence 

 the supply of roots was once supposed to have come. 

 B.M. 2970, 2971. l. H. B. 



JATROPHA (Greek, referring to its medicinal use). 

 Euphorbiacese. A varied group of tropical herbs, shrubs 

 or trees; several species cultivated in the greenhouse 

 for their ornamental or curious leaves and- flowers ; and 

 some grown in the tropics for their economic uses. 



Juice milky: lvs. alternate, simple, usually palmately 

 lobed, sometimes pinnate and entire: fls. monoecious, 

 rarely dicecious, usually with petals; sepals 5, more or 

 less connate at base, imbricate; stamens about 10, in 

 2 or more whorls, some, at least, with the filaments con- 

 nate; ovary 2-5-celled, 1 ovule in each cell: fr. a caps. — 

 About 150 species, chiefly in the tropics of Amer. and 

 Afr. Related to Hevea and Aleurites. 



Most of the species of Jafropha are tropical shrubs, 

 but several low or herbaceous species extend into the 

 southern United States. One, the spurge nettle, J. 

 stimulosa, Michx. {Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Gray), is a 

 stinging weed of sandy soil in the South, with white 

 tubular calyx. A related species J. aconilifoUa, is 

 planted for hedges in Central America. Many species 

 have found use in medicine chiefly as local or popular 

 remedies. The oil of ./. Curcas, for which the plant is 

 cultivated in tropic:xl America, is used as a purgative 

 and also for cooking, soap-making and the Uke. In 

 Mexico the seeds are reported to be eaten like peanuts. 

 A few years ago J. gossypifolia attracted some atten- 

 tion as a remedy for leprosy. 



Most of the species are adapted to sandy loam soil. 

 They grow readily from seeds, and cuttings from hard 

 young branches can be rooted in sand with bottom heat 

 if dried somewhat before bedding. 



A. Petals free, or nearly so: lvs. long-pelioled; stipules 

 usually dissected and persistent. 



gossypifolia, Linn. Bellyache Bush. Subshrub, 

 2-6 ft. high: lvs. 5-lobed, nearly glabrous, 4-6 in. wide, 



