1758 



KRIGIA 



KUMQUAT 



perennial, yellow-flowered and sometimes called 

 "dwarf dandelions." 



Scapose or leafj-stemmed herbs with heads about 1 

 in. across, usually yellow, and 1.5-20 pappus bristles. 

 They differ from the common dandelion in having a 

 pappus composed of both chaff and bristles, instead of 

 bri.stlcs alone. — Five species natives of the Atlantic 

 and Gulf states westward, of which three perennial 

 species are cult, by dealers in native plants. Unlike 

 the common dandehon these plants do not become 

 weedy. In the southern states there are two annual 

 species. A', occidentalis, Nutt. (Cymbia occidenlalis, 

 Stand.), and A'. I'irginica, Willd. (A. caroliniana, Nutt.). 



A. St. a leaflesa scape, bearing 1 head. 

 B. Plani a tuberous perennial. 

 Dandelion, Nutt. Height 6-18 in., glabrous and 

 bluish green: Ivs. lanceolate or almost linear, varying 

 from minutely toothed to pinnatifid: head about 1 in. 

 diam., .solitary, the rays yellow. April-June. Moist 

 ground, Md. to Fla. and Texas. — The only kind that 

 has tubers. 



BB. Plant has no tubers, but perennial. 

 montana, Nutt. (A'. Dandelion var. montana, 

 Chapm.). Height 9-12 in.: Ivs. oblong to linear, varying 

 from entire to pinnatifid: head smaller than in A. Dan- 

 delion. Crevices of rocks, .\lleghenies, N. C. and S. C. 

 and Ga. — Harlan P. KeJsej' says that this is an admi- 

 rable rock-plant, thriving in any soil or situation, and 

 blooming profusely from March to June or July. Prop, 

 by seed or division. 



AA. St. 1-S-lvd., braticlicd above, bearing S-6 heads. 



amplexica&lis, Nutt. {Cynthia virginica, Willd.). 

 Perennial, the st. 1-lvd. and 12-24 in. in height: Ivs. 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, entire or repand and denticulate, 

 or the root-lvs. somewhat lyrate; st.-lvs. partly clasp- 

 ing: heads about 2 in. diam., the rays showy, orange- 

 yellow. May-Oct. Moist banks, Ont. to Ga., west to 

 Manitoba. N. TAYi.oR.f 



2046. The Nagami kumquat. — FortuneUa maigarita. 



KRYNITZKIA (Prof. J. Krynitzki, of Cracow). Bor- 

 aginacese. Annual and some perennial herbs, with small 

 flowers nearly always white, two of which have been 

 listed for wild-gardens and borders. 



Closely allied to Eritrichium, with which the genus 

 has been united; by other WTiters the genus is broken 

 up in Allocarya, Cryptanthe and Oreocarya. As 

 defined by Gray, the characters are founded mostly on 

 technical features of the nutlet. The species are mostly 

 natives of the W. U. S., and of small promise horticul- 

 turally, being usually coarse herbs. 



glomerata, Gray (Eritrichium glomeratum, DC). 

 Biennial, coarse, grayish prickly-hirsute, 1-3 ft. high: 

 Ivs. spatulate or linear-spatulate : fls. white, thyrsoid- 

 glomerate. Plains, along eastern base of Rocky Mts. 

 and to Wash. 



barbigera, Gray {Eritrichium barblgertmi, Gray). 

 Hispid and hirsute, 9-12 in. high: Ivs. linear: fls. white, 

 in solitary or panicled, elongating spikes. S. Calif., 

 Ariz., Nev. to Ore. l H. B. 



KUHNIA (Dr. Adam Kuhn, an early botanist of 

 Philadelphia). Compdsitse. American herbs, closely allied 

 to Eupatorium, seldom planted in the wild garden or 

 border. Perennials, with mostly alternate resinous- 

 dotted Ivs., and small whitish or purplish heads in 

 late summer and autumn. From Eupatorium, Kuhnia 

 differs in having 10-angled or -costate achenes rather 

 than 5-costate. Species perhaps 4 or .5, Atlantic U. S. 

 to Texas and Mex. E. eupatorioides, Linn., is the spe- 

 cies most likely to appear in cult, grounds: 2-3 ft., erect: 

 Ivs. ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or linear, the 

 uppermost usually entire but others usually few-toothed 

 and sometimes short-petioled : heads of white fls. 

 cymose-clustered. Dry places, N. J. to Dak. and S.; 

 very variable. L H B 



KUMQUAT or KINKAN. Fig. 2046. A group of 

 dwarf evergreen citrous fruits of the genus FortuneUa 

 but formerly referred to Citrus, introduced into England 

 by Robert Fortune, collector for the Royal Horticul- 

 tural Society, London, from the provinces of Foo- chow- 

 foo, Chusan and Ningpo, China, May 6, 1846. In both 

 China and Japan tlie kumquat is grown extensively. 

 A. J. Downing reports the variety Nagami {FortuneUa 

 margnritn) as being in America in 18.50, hav- 

 ing been brought from England, and impor- 

 tations from Japan by Florida nurserymen 

 between 1885 and 1890 included the Marumi 

 {F japonica) variety. Shortly after their 

 mtroduction into America, both varieties 

 \\(ie distributed throughout the Gulf coast 

 and California citrous regions and soon 

 attracted attention for their orna^ 

 mental value. Later the variety Neiwa 

 {F. crass^ifolia) was introduced but is 

 not yet commonly known. While the 

 kumquat was first i-egarded as an 

 ornamental in America, it was soon realized 

 that its fruit is valuable for many cuUnary 

 purpo-ses. In consquence it has been largely 

 planted in many sections, particularly along 

 the Gulf of Mexico. 



The kumquats are distinctly shrubby in 

 growth, reaching a height of 10 to 15 feet and 

 an equal distance across the branches. The 

 twigs, branches and leaves make a very dense 

 symmetrical head. The leaves are narrow, 

 elongated, pointed or roimded at the apex, 

 dark green. Thorns are absent or very small. 

 The flowers are small, white and sweet- 

 scented. The first blooms produced in early 

 spring are usually without pistils and of 

 course no fruit results. Later the flowers from 

 which the fruit is produced are borne singly 

 or in clusters of three or four on shoots that 



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