1786 LANDSCAPK GARDENINC, 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



mcnt (tivos flip mlvaiitunc to eitlior liviiin-nrmiiids or 

 -nHiinw. Siu'li siTvico coinpiirtiiKMits iiiiiv Ix- .scrcciicii 

 from till- piiblio jjazo hy lattices (■ovcrcii witli viiicw or 

 slinili plantations. Kxajnpli-s of Much exceptional but, 

 soiisible layouts are shown in Fij;. 'JO.S'2. 



Kron\ lots surroun<le<l by houses and back yards are 

 likely to be one or inori' outlooks that are similar to and 

 can be treateil like the narrow window outlook referred 

 to alH)ve. When views are to he siin from several 

 |K)silions in house ami uroiunls ai\d at various liei^jhts, 

 the arraniiemeiit of the boundary folia^;c-frame as well 

 as the plant injj about tlu- house, gardens and yards 

 btH-omes more coinpli<'aled. Such plant inn "'" iuilu<lc 

 small trees, shrubs, vines and herbs chosen because the 

 heiphts, breadths and outlines at maturity will occupy 

 the di-signated position willamt unfairly encroaching 

 uiKin lawns, jrardens, passaires or li({hl openings of 

 buildinps. When one considers that such lar^r trees as 

 nia|>les, elms, beech, and ash spread at maturity 10 to 

 8l)fe<>t. it is obvious that they shouM not be used freely 

 on small lots or i)arks. Often a sinj;le tree shuts out all 

 the view, and to secure outlooks without cultiiif; it 

 down, it becomes necessarv to make frarncd-in open- 

 inijs at different heights l)y the careful removal of 

 branches and twigs. 



In parks or estates measured by acres iiislcail of 

 square feet, the control of outlook, tlie arrangement, for 

 inter-eoinnnmication, concourses, recreation, garden 

 and landscape compartments, arc made wilh similar 

 purpo.scs in view and with similar material as is the 

 case in the design and construction of smaller private 

 grounils. 



In the large open uresis, elevations and distances arc 

 usually on the scale that permits the use of large tree 

 borders in place of shrubs aii<l small tree borders, as 

 well as the cn'ation of larger landscape units by so dis- 

 guising boundaries an<l buildings beyond as to give a 

 visual ownership to a great laudscape. This was done 

 in a notable way by Olmsii-d from the Overlook and 

 from Ilagbourne Hill in I'ranklin I'ark, Boston. 



The plant materinh. 



In choosing and arranging planting for all this work 

 in landscape, the adaptability of plants to .soil and 

 climate, the hardiness, freedom from di.Mcase and insect 

 pests, would be considered before the brilliancy or 

 peculiarity of flowers, foliage or fruit. IlorticuKural 

 varieties and forms would usu.ally he addeil to eiuii'h 

 the detail, not to make the m.is.ses of landscape planta- 

 tions. Plantations are more elTedive ••md usually less 

 expensivi- if few varieties are useil in large quantities, 

 rather than many varieties in small quantities. 



Persons of refined taste prefer a landscape made up of 

 plants having the normal green foli.age, with all the 

 exquisite variations iti toiw, texture and shade through- 

 out the Hununer season that follow the sjiring's out- 

 burst of delicate pinks, grays, reds and yellows in the 



budding leaves. Such persons enjoy the nuxlelling, the 

 coloring, the bark patterns on trunks, the varied 

 ranuhcations of branches atid I wigs in winter. They 

 are enlertaineil by lh<' brief l)\it gorgeous riot of autumn 

 color as by a yearly Mardi (!ras. l''or those who like 

 to live with the garish, the spectacular and the peculiar, 

 there are enough odd IlorticuKural forms to make a 



.-.-,. -L %J&-f0i- 



2070. 'Ihc frcf anil open (conl. Gore I'laci-. Wiillhum, Mass. I 



The free center. — Ttie Meadow, Central Park 



lawn landscape of curiously distorted branches and of 

 yellow, purple and variously blotched, dissected and 

 twisted foliage. 



A very few of the finest of such forms, like the sturdy 

 purple and the wec'iiing beech, the vigorous Schwed- 

 ler's maple, the lace-like ,)apanese ma[)les, are worthy 

 of a place in a lawn planted with the finer exotics and 

 garden ■ variel ies, especially if the plants that carry 

 their conspi(Mious colors through the summer arc not 

 allowed to comiiele with line distant views or quiet 

 lawn lands<!apes. Such forms may well be |)laced in 

 S|)ei'ial coMiiiartincnts, in which each color is massed 

 as (iiie masses ro.ses in a special rose-garden. The most 

 serviceable of these garden forms are such fasligiato 

 types as the Lombardy poplar, to make foliage screens 

 ill narrow spaces or to give such points of emphasis 

 in green landscape as iloes the church-spire in the 

 village. 



There is an impoitant place in plantations on large 

 an^as for siu^h very rank and ra])id-growing, easily 

 propagated and therefore cheaj) trees as the ('otton- 

 wood, willow, Uu.ssiaii iiiulberry, soft maple, catalpa, 

 black locuisl, and in the w.armer regions, the eucalyp- 

 tus and the cam|)hor tree. Such trees will give high, 

 dense masses of foliage in different soils quickly. It is 

 usual, however, to plant slower-growing, more perma- 

 nent, sturdy and interesting trees, such as hard maples, 

 oaks, magnolias, with these rapid-growing nurse trees, 

 the latter to be gradually removed as the mon' per- 

 manent trees develop. In coniferous plantations, the 

 rapid-growing and short-lived Scotch and Austrian 

 pine and fir balsam are not 

 infre<iueiitly used as a filler 

 for the more permanent and 

 valuable pines. 



In working up detailed 

 planting ])lans, the knowl- 

 edge that some 5,000 spe- 

 cies an<l named varieties of 

 woody jilants can be pur- 

 chased in American nurse- 

 ries, should lead to great con- 

 servalism in planting to 

 avoid the mussy mass of - 

 odds and ends that are 

 scattered all over the ojien 

 spai-es of some small home 

 and park grounds even now, 

 in spite of the good advice 

 that is being coaveyeil to 



