LEUCOTHOE 



LEWISIA 



1851 



recurva, Gray. Fin. 2141. .Similar to the last, but 

 lower and more .spreading: Ivs. elli|)tic-ovatp to elliptic- 

 lanceolate, acuminate: racemes spreading and recurved; 

 anthers with 2 awns: caps, depressed and strongly 

 lobed. April-June. Va. to Ala. G.F. 9:225 (adapted 

 in Fig. 2141). l.T. 1:40. — It grows in drier situations; 

 the foliage of tliis and the preceding species assumes a 

 splendid scarlet color in fall. 



L. Davisiar. Torr. Evergreen shrub, to 5 ft.: Ivs. oblong,_ obtuse, 

 crcnately terrulate: racemes slender, many-fld., clustered in term- 

 inal panicles. May, June. Calif. B.M.0247. — /,. GVn,7/a/ia, Maxim. 

 Half-evergreen: Ivs. large, broadly oval, appressed-piiose: racemes 

 terminal, slender: fis. rather small. June. Japan. Tender. — L. 

 neriijdlia, DC. (Agarista neriifolia, Don). Evergreen, glabrous 

 shrub, with ovate-oblong, acuminate Ivs. and bright scarlet tls. in 

 erect, slender racemes at the end of the branches. Brazil. B.M. 

 4593. J.F. 2:155. — L. pulchra, DC. (.\garista pulchra. Don). 

 Evergreen shrub, 2 ft. or more high, glabrous: Ivs. ovate, mucronate, 

 about 1 in. long: fls. white, in spreading, peduncled, slender racemes, 

 much longer than the Ivs. Caracas. B.M. 4.314. 



Alfred Rehder. 



LEUZEA (De Leuze, friend of DeCandolle, who 

 founded the genus). Compdsitse. A few perennial or 

 biennial herbs with simple 1-headed sts., one of which is 

 sometimes planted in herbaceous borders or rock-gar- 

 dens. By some the genus is referred to Centaurea, 

 becoming a section of that genus distinguished by the 

 feather-like pappus in several rows and which is con- 

 nate at base and falls as a ring. Plants unarmed : Ivs. 

 radical, or alternate if cauline, dentate or pinnatifid, 

 whitc-tomentose beneath: iis. purple, in large and 

 showy heads, the corolla regular or slightly oblique, 

 the tube long and slender; style-branChes very short; 

 involucre ovoid or subglobose, the bracts in many series: 

 heads homogamous.— Species probably 5 or 6, widely 

 distributed; Eu., N. Afr., Austral. 



conifera, DC. (Centaurea conifera, Linn.). Small 

 plant, 4-12 in. high, blooming in June and July, some- 

 times described as biennial and sometimes as perennial: 

 Ivs. lanceolate, tomentose beneath, entire or pinnatifid: 

 involucre-scales glabrous: st. simple, 1-headed. S. Eu. 



L. H. B. 



LEVISTICUM (origin of name obscure; thought to 

 be a corruption of Ligusticum). Uinhdliferse. Lovage. 

 Perennial grown for its aromatic seeds, which are used 

 in confectionary. The genus has only one species, and 

 is distinguished by having a conspicuous involucre of 

 narrow deflexed bracts, prominent involucels with 

 connate bractlets, strongly ribbed fr. with solitary oil- 

 tubes, obscure calyx-teeth, green-yellow petals, and 

 large bipinnate Ivs. 



officinMe, Koch (Hipposelinum Levisticum, Linn.). 

 Lovage. Tall: Ivs. dark green, shining; segms. wedge- 

 shaped at the base, cut toward the apex: fr. 3-ribbed, 

 hollow and boat-shaped or else flattish on one side, con- 

 vex on the other. S. Eu., sometimes escaped in N. 

 Amer. — The If .-stalks were formerly blanched and eaten 

 like celerj'. It is a tall, hardy perennial herb, with 

 large, 2-3 times divided radical Ivs. The plant may be 

 prop, by seed sown as soon as ripe, but when plants arc 

 already established root-division is less troublesome and 

 risky. Division may be made in the autumn, but better 

 in the spring. The divided plants and the seedlings, 

 when 2 or 3 in. tall, should be set in checks 3 ft. apart 

 in deep, rich soil. When well establLshed the plants 

 remain profitable for many years, demanding but little 

 attention. L. h. B. 



LEWISIA (named by Pursh for Capt. Meriwether 

 Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark transcontinental expedi- 

 tion). PoTtulacacese. Fleshy-leaved low perennials, 

 bearing showy white, rose or red flowers. 



Plants acaulescent or nearly so, with thick anfi farina- 

 ceous caudex and root: Ivs. narrow, mostly davatc; or 

 spatulate or oblong, entire, rosulate at the ai)cx of the 

 snort caudex (or corm in one species) : fls. 1 to many, on 

 scapes, often large and handsome ; sepals 2-8, persistent ; 

 petals 3-lG; stamens .5 to numerous, the anthers oblong 



to linear; style-branches slender, 3-8, with long stig- 

 matic surfaces: fr. a circumscissile caps.; .several- to 

 many-seeded. — Species about a dozen, from Colo., 

 Wyo., and Mont, westward. The genus has been vari- 

 ously defined; as here characterized, it includes Oreo- 

 broraa and species that have been described under 

 Calandrinia and Talinum. From Calandrinia, the 

 genus is separated by style-branches often more than 

 3, and caps, circumscissile near the base rather than 

 3-valved from the apex. The cultivator's interest in 

 lewisias centers chiefly in L. redivira, which is grown in 

 collections of succulents. The other species are very 

 little known as cult, plants, although there appears to 

 be an accelerated interest in them in recent years. They 

 should make good rock-garden and alpine subjects. 

 See Sticculents. 



Columbiana, 10. 

 Cotyledon, 7. 

 Howellii, 8. 

 Leana, 9. 



INDEX. 



minima, 3. 

 oppositifolia, 5. 

 pygma'a, 6. 



rediviva, 1. 

 triphylla, 2. 

 Tweedyi, 4. 



A. Sepals, or sepal-like brads, J^-S. 



1. rediviva, Pursh. Bitter-Root. Lvs. linear- 

 oblong and nearly terete, densely clustered, glaucous 

 and smooth: scapes little longer than the lvs., jointed 

 at the middle where there are verticillate bracts; fls. 

 rose-color or white. June-Aug. Mont, and north, to 

 Ariz, and west. — It is the state flower of Montana. 

 The bitter-root has an interesting history. It has been 

 tested in the E., and is desirable for rockeries, needing 

 perfect drainage, a sunny position and careful watering 

 while in flower. It is one of those perennials that should 

 be planted in groups for best effect, and also as a pre- 

 caution to prevent loss by oversight in careless weeding 

 during flowerless period. The starchy root is dug by the 

 Indians in spring, and eaten. The bark is ordinarily 

 very bitter, but at flowering time it is said to slip off 

 easily, and the root when boiled has little of the bitter 

 taste. The roots from which the plant was first 

 described showed signs of life after being in the herba- 

 rium for several years. Pursh planted them, and they 

 grew for a year. This event suggested the name redi- 

 viva. The fl. figured in B.M. 5395 came from a root 

 which has been immersed in boiling water in order to 

 make an herbarium specimen. The root is called 

 spatulum or spatlum by the Indians. A full account of 

 this plant is given by Pailleux & Bois in Le Potager 

 d'un Curieux. Also in R.H. 1892, p. 298. B.M. 5395. 

 V. 2:306. Mn. 2, p. 85. 



AA. Sepals 2, without subtending bracts. (Oreohroma.) 

 B. Root a small conn, 



2. triphylla, Rob. Sts. slender, 1 to several from a 

 globular corm 34'ii. or less thick (differing from Clay- 

 tonia in the circumscissile caps.), the jilant 4 in. or less 

 high: St. -lvs. 2 or 3, linear and sessile: fls. white, in an 

 umbel of 3-20 or more, the scape partly underground. 

 Subalpine, Colo., west and north. — Apparently not 

 offered. 



BB. Root-part a more or less vertical caudex. 

 c. Lvs. narrowly linear. 



3. minima, Nels. Lvs. few to several, 2 in. long, more 

 or less, narrow-linear, usually exceeding the scape: fls. 

 white; sepals about oval, with a short point and some- 

 times 1 or 2 lateral teeth; scape with a pair of small 

 bracts toward the base. Yellowstone Park. — Offered 

 in Colo. 



cc. Lvs. broader than narrowly linear, usiudly more or 



less spatulate (perhaps an exception in No. 9). 



D. Scape l-4-fld. 



4. Tweedyi, Rob. (Calandrinia Twehdyi, Gray. 

 Oreobrbma Tweedyi, Howell). Lvs. 2-4 in. long, obo- 

 vate, mostly shorter than the 1-3-fld. scapes: fls. 

 pink, 2-3 in. across; sepals orbicular, entire; .stamens 



