1S64 



LIBERTIA 



LICUALA 



BB. Clustrrs dcitff: {xdicels shorlcr than iJie bracts. 



foim6sa, Graluuu. I.vs. riniil. 1-1 'j ft. h>u\i: st. 2-3 

 ft. long: inll. of ni:iny si-ssili- niul iiuiiiy-llii. miilx'ls; 

 inner si-jtnis, ohoviilc-ciiiu'ato, '^-•''jin. lonj;, while; 

 outor a-sins. half x-; loni; ami oblontr, >;ri'rnish brown; 

 fil:miontsomiiato toward tho base: caps, jjlobosc. t'liilc. 

 B.M.;VJ<M. H.U. lti;{0. (;n. 4."., p. I>t2 (fine habit 

 skotchU 40, p, 441 : 70, p. 175; 75, p. 545. G.M. 51:797; 

 55:92. 0.29:087. 



AA. Fh. blue. 



ccrulescens, Kiinth. Lvs. linear, ripid, 12 in. or 

 niort- loni;: st. 1-2 ft., witli a few reduced Iv.s.: infl. (iin. 

 or less lonp, of verj' many umbels, eacli many-fid.; fls. 

 blue; inner scpms. '4in. lonj:, oblong, tlie outer much 

 shorter and grtH'nish bmwn: caps, globose, very small. 

 Chile. 



L. filpra, offered abrotid, may be one of thp whito-fld. species 

 above: described as having iris-fikc folinK*' ^nd spikes of white fls. : 



* '*■ WlLHELM MlLLEIl. 



L. II. B.t 



LIB0C£DRUS {libas, drop, tear, and Cedrw^; allud- 

 ing to the resinous character of tlie trees). Syn. Hiij- 

 dcria. Fitiacia: Incense Cedak. Ornamental trees 

 chiefly grown for their handsome evergreen foliage and 

 g(x>d habit. 



Branchlets flattened, rarely quadrangidar, frond- 

 like in arrangement: lvs. scale-like, with decurrcnt 

 b:ise, with or without glands: fls. mona'ciousor ditccious, 

 terminal, similar to those of Thuya: cones oblong to 

 ovate, with 4, rarely 6, woody scales, tlic lower pair 

 sterile, small and short, the second one much larger 

 an<l fertile, each scale bearing 2 long-winged seeds, the 

 third pair, if present, connate into a woody septum. — 

 Eight species in \V., N. and S. Amer., Austral, and S. 

 W. China, .\llied to Thuya which differs chiefly in the 

 more numemus cone-scales with 2 i)airs fertile. 



The incense cedars arc of pyramidal habit, clothed 

 with small scale-like leaves, and ratlier small, ovate or 

 oblong cones. None of the species is quite hardy North, 

 but L. dccurren-n thrives in the vicinity of the city of 

 New York, and even in sheltereil places in eastern 

 Massachu.setts. It is a valuable park tree, forming a 

 symmetrical narrow pyramid, with bright green 

 foliage. It is also an imi)ortant timber tree, the wood 

 Iwing light, .soft, close and str.iight-grained, is very 

 durable in the .soil, and is u.sed for fencing, for shingles, 

 for the interior finish of houses, and also for ship- and 

 iKjat-builiiing. The other species are hard}- only South, 

 jind, though very ornamental trees, they are hardly 

 cultivate*! in this country; they are all important 

 timber trees in their native coimtries. The incen.se 

 c«lars thrive b{«t in a well-<lrained soil, and prefer open 

 Fituations; they are liable to lo.se their lower branches 

 rather early. Propagate by sfK'ds sown in spring; also 

 by cuttings uniler glas-s in late summer or fall, which 

 rofit rather slowly; sometimes grafted on thuya and 

 chama-cyparis. 



decurrens, Torr. (L. Crnigann, Low. Thuya Craigana, 

 Mwrr. 7'. ijujtirUia, Carr., not Nutt.). White Cedar. 

 Trer-, to UXJ, occasionally to 200 ft., with erect or 

 spreading, short branchc-s, forming a rather narrow, 

 feathery hfad: bark bright cinnamon-red: branchlets 

 much flattenfl. bright green on both sides: lvs. oblong- 

 ovate, a^lnate, with long rlecurrent Ixuse, free at the 

 apex and acuminate, glandular on the back: cones 

 oblfflig, 5^-1 in. long, light reddish brown; scales 

 mucTonate below the afK:x, a third connat<: pair sepa- 

 rating the 2 fertile ontrs. Ore. to Clalif. and W. Nev. 

 S.S. 10:.W4. F.S. 9, p. 19. On. 29, pp. 2(i(i, 267; fiO, 

 T>.250:7o,j>.2'.m; 78, p. oSfi. (J.C. IlI.:jO:2S4; 44:.338. 

 M.D.G. 1W).=;:129.— In cult, the young trees are con- 

 toIcuouh by their briglit and def'p green foliage, while 

 the trees in their native localities are mostly of a light 

 yellowi.ih green. Var. compScta, IJeissn. Dwarf com- 

 pact form of globoH<; habit. Var. glaOca, Heissn. With 



glaucous foliage. Var. aiireo-variegata, Sehwerin. 

 Foliage variegated with yellow. 



/.. r/ii7(7i.si.v, lOndi. Tree, to (iO ft., witli compact, pyrniiiidal 

 hi'iid: lirnnchli'ts muell compressed; lvs. ghiucous Kreen, siimll, 

 erect-sprejuliiiK, obtuse, with n silvery line beneath; eoiii-s ovate- 

 oliloiiK, '.jin. long. Chile. G.C. lcS,5(), p. 43U. 11.11. 1S(17, p. 410. 

 Gn. 'Mi, J). 552. — L, cupr^ssoides, SafR. (L. tetragona, I'Jridl.). Tree, 

 to ino ft., with compact, pyramidal head, sometimes shrubby: 

 branchlets almost tetraKonal; lvs. ovate or ovatc-hinccolate, with 

 slightly spreading .and acute apex; cones ovate; scales with a large, 

 curved spine on the back. Chile to P.'itagonia. G.C. 1850. p. 4;i9. 

 Gn. 30, p. 552. — L. Donii^na, Endl.^=L. nlumosa. — />. macTdlfjiix. 

 Bcnth. « Hook. Tree, to 100 ft.; branchlets compressed, green on 

 both sides: lvs. acute, the lateral strongly keeled, the middle ones 

 obovate, apieulate; cones obovate-oblong, 1 in. long, consisting of 

 C truncate scales. W.China. Gn. 02, p. 1.S3 (habit). G.M. 47:800. 

 .1.11. III. 57:91. — L. pluvu)tta, >Sarg. (Ij. Doniana, Kndl.). Tree, to 

 100 ft., with dense, pyramidal head; similar to the former, but lvs. 

 larger, more closely set and more spreading, withcmt any silvery 

 line bene.'ith: scales of the cone with :i large, curved spine on the 

 back. New Zeal. This species is the most tender of this genus. — 

 L. tetra,„),m, Kn,ll.=L. cupressoides. ALFRED ReHDBR. 



LIB^NIA: Jacohinin; Libonia Jloriburtda=J. paucijlora, page 

 1715. 



LICUALA (Molucca name). Palmaces-. Showy, 

 dwarf fan palms, grown for their peculiar habit and 

 handsome foliage. 



Stems solitary or in groui)s, never very tall, and 

 usually slender: lobes of the lvs. long, wedge-shaped, 

 plicate, truncate and variously lobed or split, deeply 



and irregularly tli- 

 vided, appearing 

 b u t n o t t r u 1 y 

 peltate ; rachis 

 very short; ligulc 

 short; sheaths 

 fibrous: fls. large, 

 hermaphrodite, in 

 a loose panicle 

 which appears 

 among the lvs. — 

 Species 50 or 

 more, from Trop. 

 Asia to Trop. 

 Austral. Allied 

 genera in cult, are 

 Brahea, Serenoa, 

 Erythea, Pritch- 

 ardia, Livistona, 

 Trachycarpus, 

 Rhapis. From 

 these Licuala is 

 distinguished by 

 the carpels of the 

 ovary 3 - angled, 

 slightly coherent; 

 style single, fili- 

 form : albumen 

 equable : embryo 

 dorsal. Desirable in cultivation. G.C. 11.25:139. 



Licualas are very handsome warmhousc palms of 

 moilerate growth, several sjjecies of which have been 

 growTi to some extent commercially. They delight in a 

 tropical temperature and abundant moisture, and 

 .should also be sha<le(l from strong sunshine in order to 

 produce foliage of the deep, rich shade of green that is 

 common to this genus. Some advise treating them as 

 semi-aquatic. Th(^ most attractive species is L. grandis, 

 which has been until rec('nt years a costly species owing 

 to its comparative rarity in cultivation. It is probably 

 within twenty-five years that the first consignment of 

 seeds of this .species was received in America. The 

 large fan-shajjcd leaves of licualas are somewhat tentler 

 and easily injured, which makes them of less value for 

 house decoration, but as exhibition plants there are few 

 palms more striking than L. yranilin and L. elcgans. L. 

 Kjmiona and L. pillala are also well worth cultivation, 

 though objection is sometimes found to the strong 

 hooked sjwrs with which their leafstalks are armed. 



2143. Licuala peltata. 



