LIPPIA 



LIQUORICE 



1889 



and wide: fls. white, small, in summer and autumn. 

 Uruguay, Argentina, Cliile. B.M. 3G7 (as Verbena 

 triphi/lh). Sometimes grown !js standard and tree-like. 

 G.C. 11. 11:301. 



ligustrina, Brit. (L. lycMdes, Steud. Verbina 

 ligu^lrinn, Lag.). Tall shrub, often spiny, the branches 

 more or less pubescent : Ivs. small, coriaceous, opposite, 

 elliptic-oblong or lance-oblong, attenuated to petiole, 

 obtuse or acute, the margin somewhat revolute, entire 

 or serrate at middle: racemes somewhat crowded, 

 canescent, 2-3 in. long; fls. small, white, vanilla-scented; 

 Ciilj'x campanulate, o-costate, hirsute, with subulate 

 teeth; corolla exceeding calyx, the throat villous. Mex. 

 to Argentina. — Offered in S. Calif., where it is said to 

 withstand drought exceedingly well. 



chamadrifolia, Linn. Shrubby, half climbing, 

 branches -l-angled and pubescent: Ivs. aromatic, oppo- 

 site, very short -petioled, ovate, acute, coarsely serrate, 

 margin revolute, shining above and more or less tomen- 

 tose beneath: racemes 3-5 in. long, paniculate; fls. 

 small, rosy lilac; calyx ovate, hirsute, the short teeth 

 ovate-acuminate. Brazil, Argentina. — Offered in S. 

 Calif. 



urticoides, Steud. Tall .shrub, with strict terete 

 glabrous branches: Ivs. dark green, rough, not aromatic, 

 3 in. long, opposite, ovate or oblong, attenuated into 

 the petiole, acute, crenate-serrate : racemes paniculate; 

 fls. white, vanilla-scented; calyx tubular, pilose below, 

 partially 4-toothed, the teeth subulate-cuspidate. 

 Peru, Brazil, etc. — Offered in S. Calif. 



AA. Fls. capitate or in short dense spikes, with broad 

 bracts. 



canescens, Kunth (L. ripens, Hort., not Spreng.). 

 St. somewhat woody at the base and rooting, widely 

 spreading, canescent: Ivs. small, from spatulate to 

 oblong and lanceolate, attenuate to petiole, acute, 

 dentate toward apex: heads ovoid or subcylindrical; 

 the bracts herbaceous, obovate-cuneate, acuminate, 

 narrowly membranous-margined, imbricated; corolla 

 conspicuously larger than in related species, rosy, with 

 a yeUow throat; calyx short 2-toothed, with villous 

 keels; bracts of fl.-head shorter than the coroUa-tube, 

 with villous margins. S. Amer., in dry, grassy places. 

 — This plant, under the name of L. repens, is exceed- 

 ingly useful in Calif, .as a ground-cover, especially to 

 persons who do not care to go to the expense of keep- 

 ing up a grass-lawn. The tops sometimes freeze in the 

 region of San Francisco, but the plants come on well in 

 spring. By keeping the area mown, the weeds are not 

 very troublesome. 



nodifldra, Michx. (Verbena nodiflbra, Linn. Zapania 

 nodiflora, Lam. Phyla nodiflbra, Greene). Sometimes 

 described as annual, but probably perennial, extensively 

 Creeping and rooting but with ascending branches, 

 greenish or grayish: Ivs. opposite, cuneate-spatulate to 

 oblanceolate, nearly or quite sessile, tapering to a 

 long entire base, serrate above the middle: heads ovoid 

 and becoming nearly cylindrical, on filiform peduncles 

 that exceed the Ivs., the bracts obovate or irregularly 

 cuneate, acuminate and sometimes mucronate; fls. 

 rose-purple to nearly white, the corolla short; calyx 

 thin in te\-ture, equaling -corolla, unevenly cleft on the 

 two sides, the teeth lanceolate; bracts of fl.-head about 

 as long as corolla-tube, with glabrous or nearly gla- 

 brous hyaline margins. Sandy soil, Ga., .south (in the 

 tropics widely distributed); in Calif, prominent on 

 river banks, and, according to Jepson, esteemed for 

 holding levees against erosion. L. H, B, 



LIQUIDAMBAR (from Latin liquidu.'s, fluid, and 

 the .\r;'bic amhnr, amber; in allusion to the fragrant 

 juice which exudes from the tree). Ifamarncliddcese. 

 Ornamental trees grown chiefly for their handsome 

 foliage a.ssuming crim.son tints in autumn. 



120 



Deciduous: Ivs. alternate, slender-petioled, palmately 

 3-7-lobed, serrate, with small stipules: fls. apetalous, 

 usually moiKecious, in globular heads; staminate fls. 

 without perianth, intermixed with small scales, in heads 

 forming a terminal raceme; pistillate fls. in slender- 

 pedimcli'd gloljular heads consisting of more or less 

 cohering 2-eelled and 2-beaked ovaries subtended by 

 minute scales in place of calyx-lobes: fruiting head 

 globose, spiny from the persistent styles, consisting of 

 dehiscent caps., each with 1 or 2 winged seeds. — 

 About 4 species in N. and Cent. Amer. and in W. and 

 E. Asia. L. orientalis yields the liquid storax; the 

 resin of L. Styraciflua is used in the preparation of 

 chewing-gum. 



Only L. Styraciflim is well known in cultivation; it 

 is a beautiful pyramidal tree of very symmetrical habit 

 with maple-like lustrous leaves assuming a deep crim- 

 son color in autumn; in winter it is conspicuous from 



2182. Liquidambar styraciflua. (X'A) 



its usually corky branches, the persistent pendulous 

 fruit-heads and the deeply furrowed bark. It is hardy 

 as far north as Massachusetts; it is of moderate growth 

 and prefers moist situations. It is free from insects and 

 diseases and is said to withstand salt air. It requires 

 close pruning when transplanted. Propagation is by 

 seeds which should be stratified as soon as ripe; many 

 of them do not germinate until the second year. 



Styraciflua, Linn. Sweet Gum. Bilsted. Alligator 

 Tree. Fig. 21S2. Tree, 60-140 ft. high: Ivs. 5-7- 

 lobed, with acuminate, finely serrate lobes, lustrous 

 and dark green above, paler below and glabrous except 

 large tufts of pale rufous hairs in the axils of the prin- 

 cipal veins, 3-7 in. across; petioles 5-6 in. long: fr. 1- 

 1J4 in- across. March-May. Conn, and S. N. Y to 

 Fla., 111., Mo. and Mex. S.S. 5:199. G.F. 2:235. P.G. 

 3:111. G.C. II. 14:633. Mn. 4:117. Gn. 24, pp. 166, 

 167; 38, p. 208. F.S.R. 3, p. 85. F.E, 18, p. 90. 



L. formosana, Hance. Tree, to 120 ft.: Ivp. usually .3-lobed, 



fiubesceIIt on young p]ant.s, Blabrous on older trees and only slightly 

 airy in the axils; scales subtending the ovary subulate, becoming 

 arnny in fr. S.E. to Cent. China. H.I. 11:1020. Xht. monticol^i. 

 Rehd. & Wilson. Lvs. always glabrous. Hardier than the type. 

 Cent. China. — L. orienttilis. Mill. (L. imberbe, Ait.). Lvs. usually 

 5-lobed, the lobes usually with 2-4 small lobes, quite glabrous, 

 smaller than in L. Styraciflua. W.Asia. H.I. 11:1019. F.S.R. 3, 

 p. 87. Somewhat less hardy than L. Styraciflua. 



Alfred Rehder. 



LIQUORICE: Glycyrrhiza. 



