1890 



LIKIODENDRON 



LISIANTHUS 



LUUODfiNDRON Jiriott. lily, ami dcndron, trw; 

 n-lcrrint; to tin- shaiu' of tho flowrrs). ytagnoliacca'. 

 TiLir TiiKK. W iiiTKWiuiu. Yki.low ri>ri,.Mi. Oriia- 

 nioiital tnvs grown for their hamlsonio foliage and large 

 tiilij>-like flowers!. 



IXmmiIuovis: Ivs. alternate, long-petioled, 2-6-lobed, 

 with eonspicuous ileeiduous stipules eoheriiip when 

 young and inclosing the next If.: fls. terminal, solitary, 

 with 3 sjireadinp sepals and t> erect, broadly ovate 

 potjils; stamens numerous, with long and linear anthers; 

 pistils nuinemus, forming a narrow eolunin, develo|)- 

 ing into a light brown eone; at maturity the carpels, 

 each consisting of a long, narrow wing with a 1-2- 

 sefHlt-tl nutlet at the bjise, separate from the slender 

 ppindle. — Two S|M>cii>s in X. .\mer. and China. 



2183. Tulip tiee. — Lihodendroo Tulipifera. (Xli) 



Only the native .species, one of the noblest trees of the 

 American forest, is well known in cultivation. It is a 

 hardy beautiful tree of jjyramidal habit, well adapted 

 for park-j)lanting and for avenues, with handsome, 

 clean foliage of unusual shajje and of rather light 

 bluish green color, rarely attacked by in.sects or fungi, 

 assuming in fall a brilli.ant yellow color; the tulip-like 

 flowers, though of not very showy color are conspicu- 

 ous by their size and shape. Th(' tulip tree i.s also !in 

 important forest tree, and the .soft, fine-grained, light 

 yellow wood is much used in cari)entr.\' for furniture, 

 boat-h)uilding and the manufacture of small articles; 

 it does not split easily but is readily worked and bent 

 to any required shape. The inner bark is said t<j have 

 medical properties. The tulip tree grows best in deep, 

 rich and somewhat moist soil. Transplanting is not 

 easy; it is b<«t done in spring, just before the tree 

 elarts into new growth. Proimgat^' by seeds sown in 

 fall or stratifieil and sown in si)ring; varieties are usu- 

 ally graftefi or budded on seedling stock, rarely i)ropa- 

 gat«l by layers. The seeds are sometimes hollow, espe- 

 cially thos<- grown along the eastern limit of the species. 



Tulipifera, Linn. Fig. 218.3. Tall tree, to 1.50, rarely 

 to }'■>() ft., with a trunk to 10 ft. diam., often destitute 

 of branchra for a considerable height, glabrous: Ivs. 

 about as broa^l as long, with 2 lob(« at the truncate 

 and notched &]k;x and 2—4 lobes at the base, bluish 

 ereen atxjve, pale or glaucous beneath, 5-0 in. Ion.;: 

 fla. greenish yellow, market] orange within at the bast, 



132-2 in. long; petals ovate or oval; fertile carpels 

 acute. Mav, June. Miuss, to Wis., south to Fla. and 

 iMiss. S.S."l:i;{. Em. 2:(i().5. B.M. 27r>. Gng. 7:259. 

 A.U. 1S<.)2:1>S,'-,. IMn. 2, [.. t; (1, p. 115. Gn. :54, p. 

 42; 7(), p. 64G. F.S.R. 2, |)p. .^ 7; .!, p. 203. G.C. III. 

 55:255. V. 20:86. Var. pyramidale, Lav. (var. 

 fa^^ligialutu, Ilort.). With upright branches, forming a 

 narrow pyramid. Var. integrifolium, Kirchii. Lvs. 

 rounded at the bjise without lobes. Var. obtusilobum, 

 I'ursh. Lvs. with only 1 rounded lol)e on each side of 

 the ba.se. Var. contbrtum, (loe.schke. Lvs. with 2 

 lobes on each side, twisted so (hat the upper lobes often 

 form a right angle to the lower ones. There are also 

 several vars. with variegated lvs., of which var. aflreo- 

 marginatum, Hort. (var. j)(inarh<'% llort.), with lvs. 

 edged vellow, is one of the best. F.S. 19:2025; 

 20:2081.— In the Middle ^^'est, liriodendron is 

 universallj' known as whitewood. To lumbermen 

 in the Eiist it is known :is ])oi)lar and tulip 

 poplar. 



L. chin^nsc, Sarg. (L. Tulipifera var. chinense, Hemsl.). 

 Tree, to 50 ft.: lvs. with 4 acute or acuminate lobes, 

 rounded or slightly cordate at the batse, .5-0 in. long: fls. 

 1-1 ' -.' in. long: eone slenderer, the fertile carpels obtu.se or 

 ohtusish at the apex. Cent. China. G.C. III. :!4;370; 

 44:429. S.T.S. 1:52. H.I. 28:2785.— .Seems somewhat 

 tenderer than the native species. ^LFRED RehdER. 



LIRIOPE (named after the nymph Liriope). 

 Liliacis. A tender violet-flowered cultivated 

 plant from China and Japan. 



Plants of somewhat doubtful affinity, having 

 been referred to different families: rhizome short 

 and thick, often stoloniferous: st. very short, the 

 Ivs. narrow and t^rowfleti, the fls. on simple 

 scapes, small, violet or whitish; segms. distinct; 

 stamens 0, hypogj'nous; ovary 3-celled, each cell 

 2-ovuled. — Species about 3, China, Japan, Phihppines. 

 Little cult. 



graminifolia. Baker (L. spicata, Lour. Dracsena 

 graminifblia. Linn.). Lvs. .all radical, linear-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, 3-nerved, with a few brown scales at the base: 

 stamens 6; style columnar; ovary 3-celled. B.R. 593, 

 (as Ophiopogon spicatus). Var. densifldra, Hort. (L. 

 spicata var. densifldra, Wright) is presumably the best 

 form. B.^L 5348 (oi^ Ophiopogori. spicatv^). There 

 are .several forms of this sjjccies, as: Var. minor (L. 

 spicalus var. m'lnor, Wright). L.B.C. 7:694 (as Ophio- 

 pogon spicatu^) ; var. koreana (\^'^ight) ; var. interme- 

 dia (Maxim.). — L. graminifolia should perhaps be 

 grown in the greenhouse. It is 1 ft. or more high, 

 with grass-like foliage and 1 or 2 scapes overtopping 

 the lvs., which bear from July to Sept. as many iis 90 

 violet-colored fls. in a spike-like raceme 6-12 in. long 

 and 1 in. wide. The fls. are le.ss than } 'im. across, 6- 

 parted and arranged in groups of 3-5 along the raceme. 

 They vary from dark purple through violet to whitish. 

 The deepest color is the finest, and is set off by the 

 yellow anthers. Wilhelm Miller. 



L. H. B.t 

 LISIANTHUS (Greek compound). Genlianacex. 

 About 10 si)ecies in the W. Indies and Cent. Amer., 

 herbs or shrubs with mostly rather large yellow-green, 

 brown-black or rarely white fls. in cyraose clusters, and 

 opposite Ivs. None of the s[)ecies seems to be in the 

 trade, although L. Tiussellidnus, Hook. (L. erythropen- 

 sis, Hort.), is recorded as a cult, plant in garden litera- 

 ture; this plant is ^fistoma Russelliantmi, Gri.seb., 

 growing on plains Neb. to La. and Mex. Glaucous: 

 St. .simple, or with a few opposite branches: lvs. opposite, 

 connate, ovate or ovate-oblong, .3-.5-nerved : fls. pani- 

 cled, as large as a tulip; lobes obovate, .s])reading; 

 stigma of 2 very large, green, velvety, spreading jjlates: 

 pod oblong; seeds minute, pale brown. B.M. 3626. 

 G.C. 111.4:240. R.H. 1863:51; 1881, p. 189. G.M. 

 49:479. (Jn. 70, p. 77. G. 25:292. G.W 11, p. 138. 

 H.F. 11.4:240. It is a tender annual and grows lH 



