liUH.) 



ia)Doicl:a 



U^GANBERRY 



iH'ius s;i»i to wcijili soiiiel imcs fifty poumls, thoiifjli 

 till- larp'-'*' usually stvn in collections do not likely 

 exctt^l alH>ut tiflccn pounds. The formation of such 

 gipuitic soo<ls reiiuires ii consiilciahle period of time, 

 suul from tlie time of ffowerinn to the full maturity of 

 tl\c setsts is said to cover a period of nearly ten years. 

 The (jenninalion of such sihhIs is not an easy process, 

 rwiuirini; nuich room and stron;; heat, the radicle beinf; 

 corn'spondiii^lly lar^e anil runiuii}; down for A feet or 

 more before the top growth begins. Voun^ plants 

 lV(iuin> a strong and moist heat; and a considerable 

 amount of mot room, in combination with a li};ht but 

 rich comiX)st, is best adapted to their needs. Seeds 

 eometimos re<iuire three years to tjerniinate. They are 

 not advertiseil for sale at jjresent, but have been sold lus 

 curiosities now and then in America. Their germina- 

 tion is a preat event, but the plants are never grown to 

 any considerable height, as they re(|inre loo nmch care 

 and R)om. The old nut remains attached at the sur- 

 face of the ground until the tree is some years old. 

 It is said that the heart of the crown of Ivs. is eaten, as in 

 the cabbage pahn, and the Ivs. !ue used in house- 

 building. L. H. H.t 



LCESELIA (John Loesel, an early Prussian botanist). 

 Potiiiioiitace^. Greenhouse plants, grown in the open 

 fur South, for their flowers. 



Verj- close to Gilia, and often confusefl with it; and 

 the genus is variously defined. As accepted by Peter in 

 Engler <fe PrantI, it ccmiprises 16 species in N.W. N. 

 Amer., Mex., Cent. Amcr. and northwestern Trop. 

 S. Amer. The species occur very little north of Mex., 

 however. As finally outlined by Gray (Sujipl. Syn. Fl.), 

 it has "fis. involucrate or involucellate; both bracts and 

 calyx wholly or partly scarious; corolla funnelform, 

 either regular or 1 or 2 sinuses deeper; seeds winged or 

 margined, the surface becoming mucilaginous when 

 wett(><l: suffruticose, rarely annual, with spinulose- 

 toothe<l Ivs." 



L. coccinea, Don, is a handsome plant with brilliant 

 rose-red tubiilar-truinpet-shape<l fls. an inch long in 

 terminal fascicles or compound bracted racemes, with 

 stamens and ;i-lobed stigma exserted: Ivs. small and 

 stiffish, oval or cuncate-oval, sharply and often spinu- 

 lose dentate, grayish green: |)lant strict, jjubescent, 

 woo<ly, perennial. Winter bloomer. It is offered in 

 Calif. L. tenuifolia, (Iray, and L. effftsa, Gray, of 

 S. Calif., are phlox-like plants ofTerc<l some years ago. 

 The former, Gray siil)se<iuently referred to (liUn 

 tenuifolia, Gray, and the latter to Oilia Durmii, 

 KeUogg. L. H. B. 



LOGANBERRY. Figs. 219.3, 2194. The loganberry 

 wa." originated by .Judge ,1. II. Logan, of Santa Cruz, 

 California. It is the result of a cross between the 

 Aughinbaugh, a variety of RiiliHfi vilifnliuK, the wild 

 blackVjerry of California, and a red raspberry, jirobably 

 the lied .Antwerp. It wjis a chanci^ hybrid developed 

 from mvd in 1H81. .Since that time the cultivation of 

 the plant has increa.sed extensively. It is cultivated 

 all the way from southern California to British 

 Columbia. However, while being a very vigorous plant. 

 it Ls very tender and will not succeed where the tem- 

 perature reaches zero unless protected and even under 

 protection does not seem to fruit xs heavily as it does 

 where very mild winters are ex|)erienced. 



A few years ago it was thought that the loganbc^rry 

 industry was overdone. This was due to the poor 

 shipping character of the fruit and the fact that the 

 berry wa-s but little known; but at the present time not 

 nearly enough fruit can be K<^cured for canning and 

 evapf^rating. anfl the berry promises to be one of the 

 best horticultural a«s<-ts of the Pacific coast. It is one 

 of the very strongest-growing lirambles and has a 

 characteristic dark green foliage which it holds through- 

 out the year. 



The fruit when thoroughly ripe is of a |)urplisli red 

 and is very large, being one of the largest berries grown. 

 In (lavor and habits it .shows the characteristics of 

 both the blackberry and raspberry. Unless very ripe 

 the fruit is exceedingly acid, but when thoroughly ripe 

 has a pleasant acid flavor. 



In western ( )regon the fruit is coming to be of tremen- 

 dous conunercial importance. Salem is the principal 

 center of the industry of the state, there being about 

 2,1)1)1) acres planted in that vicinity and the present 

 outlook is that the acreage will be at least doubled. 

 Extensive plantings are found all over western and 

 southern Oregon. Many of the cultivators are taking 

 hold of the h)ganberry industry in an extensive way, 

 individual growers planting out as many as 200 acres in 

 one season, while others are devoting from 1(X) to 200 

 acres purely for propagation i)urposes. 



There are two other berries Ix'ing grown in this same 

 area which are very similar to the loganberry, one being 

 the Primus, which is a blackberry-raspberry hybrid, 

 introduced by Luther Hurbank. It is an excellent home 

 berry l)ut cannot be picked easily until it is too soft to 

 ship. It is also too shy a bearer to be commercially 

 profitable. The Phenomenal is also a hybrid intro- 

 duced by Luther Burbank and is su[)posed to be a 

 cross between the California ilewberry and the red 

 raspberry. It is less acid than the loganberry. The 

 fruit, if anything, tends to run a little larger, is a little 

 brighter in color, the foliage is a lighter green and is a 

 better shipper than the loganberry, but it does not 

 yield nearly so well. It does not seem to be so long- 

 lived and it is thought by the growers that it is not so 

 good an evaporating berry as the loganberry. As far 

 as the Pacific Northwest is concerned, the loganberry 

 is driving the other hybritls from the market. 



The loganberry tends to vary greatly in its seedlings 

 and offers one of the best fields for plant-breeding to 

 be found among small-fruits. 



2193. Loganberry. (Xh) 



It will grow on any of the well-drained loams and is 

 found to succeed well on the red hill soils and the 

 silty loams .along the rivers. It is thought by many 

 of the growers that it prefers a clay subsoil rather 

 than a gravelly or sandy subsoil. \Vhen planted on 

 der'p rich loams the plant seems to be longer-lived. 

 TlK^re are commercial plantings in Oregon fourteen 

 vears olil that are still very profitable. The principal 



