IWS 



MACHINERY 



MACHINERY 



intensive cultivation. In tho opinion of tunny f:innors 

 in tho ix)ni-bolt. inoreasins the niunlii-r of .shovels over 

 sL\ not only im-reases tho draft but tho ilittioulty in 

 operating. Tho oultivator shovols aro holtod diroclly 

 to a shank. Tho shank is-iisii;illy attaclioil to tho boani 

 so that it may bo raisoil or lowonnl. W'horo no provision 

 is niado for takiiifi tho shook oansod liy tho shovol 

 strikinc stones. root.s. or stumps, tlio shank is lunij; by 

 one bolt and fastonotl into nlaoo by moans of a woodon 

 pep. Thus when tho shovol strikes an obstniotion, the 

 wooclen peg breaks and allows tho shovol and shank to 



2272. Different types and arrangements of cultivator gangs: 7, steel beam, four-shovel; 2, steel 

 beam, six-shovel; J, steel beam, V-spring trip, six-shovel; ^, steel beam, V-spring trip, four-shovel; 

 5, pipe beam, four-shovel; 6, pipe beam, spring trip, four-shovel; 7, steel frame, V-spring trip, four- 

 sbovel; 8, steel frame, V-spring trip, six-shovel; 9, steel beam, universal spring trip, four-shovel; 

 lOt steel beam, universal spring trip, six-shovel. 



turn back without breaking the beam. Fig. 2272 illus- 

 trates .several arrangemont.s of cultivator gangs. 



Com is asually cultivated three or four times. At 

 the first cultivating the com is usually very small and 

 the operation con.sists mainly of killing weeds and 

 stirring the soil. The shovels arc usually fumed so as 

 to throw the soil away from the com, ami fenders are 

 provided to protect the com from clods and soil which 

 are thrown t^jward it as the cultivator shovels tear 

 through the Sfiil. At the seexjnd plowing the shovels are 

 not tumerl quite so much and it depends largely on the 

 size of the com whether the protecting fenders are used. 



nut at tho time of .second plowing the weeds are usually 

 thicker and tho soil drier and harder so that the Djiora- 

 tion is usually a dillicult one. The third plowing is 

 often tho "laying by" plowing. Corn is, however, 

 often not laid by until the fmnth and sometimes the 

 fifth jilowing. .\l this jilowing the shovels are turned 

 so as to throw tho soil toward the corn, hilling it up 

 around tho roots. An objection made to the shovel- 

 cultivator for laying by is that it cuts the corn roots. 

 .\ surface cultivator is now used for this iiurpose which, 

 it is claimed, does not cut the corn roots but throws 



the earth well toward the 

 corn. Fig. '1'11'A illustrates 

 a cultivator of this type. 



Disc-cultivators are al.so 

 used for cultivating corn 

 and other row crojjs. The 

 discs may be regulated to 

 throw the earth toward, 

 or away from, the com. 

 Fig. 2274 illustrates a cul- 

 tivator of the disc tyi^e. 

 Another type of single-row 

 cultivator is the single- 

 row "go-devil" which is 

 equii)ped either with 

 curved knives or discs 

 and operates usually on 

 wooden runners. This 

 cultivator is often used 

 for the first and second 

 cultivation of listed corn. 

 Fig. 227.5 illustrates a "go- 

 devil" of the disc X-Ypc. 



Two-row cultivators of 

 both the disc and shovel 

 types are now in use. It 

 has been found that these 

 implements require con- 

 siderable practice for 

 satisfactory operation. In 

 addition, the rows must 

 be straight and parallel 

 and the weeds few. It is 

 difficult to cultivate satis- 

 factorily where irregulari- 

 ties in the rows are en- 

 countered. The draft also 

 is practically double that 

 of a single-row cultivator. 

 On the other hand, it is con- 

 tended that they do good 

 work under proper condi- 

 tions. The writer's experi- 

 ence with a two-row disc- 

 cultivator in listed com 

 was satisfactory for the 

 first plowing. Fig. 2276 

 illustrates a two-row com- 

 bination disc- and shovel- 

 cultivator. There are 

 many such combination 

 machines in use on 

 single-row work, especi- 

 2277 illustrates a two-row 



Fig. 



ally for listefl com 

 shovel-cultivator. 



There are many other special types of cultivators 

 adajjtod to diffc^rent special kinfls of work. Fig. 2278 

 illustrates a cultivator which is especially adapted to 

 ort'hard cultivation. It is impossible here to cover all 

 the types, but they all have practically the same pur- 

 pose in view. 



It is imjiortant that cultivators be well taken care of 

 and that their operation and adjustment be studied 

 so as best to .a<lapt them to the re(|uirements of a cer- 

 tain kind of cultivation, ("ultivator shovels should be 



