1964 



MADIA 



The ncan^st pcmis of (janlon vaUio is Layia, from 

 which Ma.ha is tlist insuishtnl by the followinfi char- 

 actors: iiivohicrv- ilivplv sulcatc, bracts str.msjly m- 

 foKUnp ana tluis inclosing the aclicncs ot the ravs wlucli 

 an^ hitcrallv coinpn-sscd: achcncs ..f th.- ihsk fertile or 

 stonlc. Tlieir Hs. :u\> ivnuukable for I'losinj; in the sun- 

 shine, ;uul oiHMiing in tlic morning or cvcmng. Species 

 about a dozen. 



They an> iJl called tarweeds from their glandular, 

 viscid," heavilv-scented foliaj:e, the coimnoii tarweed of 

 Califoniia beins var. coiigtsta of M.siitira, wliich is a 

 useful iuuuial plant for sheep pastures in dry, warin 

 soil M.daians is an interesting oriiaiiieiital annual. 

 It hiis a graceful open habit (see I'lg. -i-'itl) and ilis- 

 tinct flowers (Fig. 22i).')), which become more numer- 

 ous as the summer advances. 



A. Rays showy. 

 B. Plant annual: Ivs. chiefly alternate: pappus none. 

 «egans, D. Don. Figs. 2294, 229.5. Height 1-4 ft.: Ivs. 

 linear or lanceolate, mostlv entire: rays acutely 3-lobed, 



yellow throughout or with a 



brown spot, at the biuse. Calif. 



and Ore. to Nev. B.M. 3548. 



B.R. 1458.— Needs a shady 



place. 



nn. Plant perennial: Ivs. mostly 

 opposite: pappus present 

 in disk-fls. 

 madioides, Greene (Aniso- 

 edrpus madio'iilcs, Nutt. Madia 

 Nuttallii, Gray). Slender, not 

 over 1-2 ft.: Ivs. linear-lanceo- 

 late, sometimes dentate: heads 

 paniculate, usually short- 

 stalked. Woods, Brit. Col. to 

 Monterey, Calif. 



AA. Rays inconspicuoiLs, about 

 2 lines long. 

 sativa, Molina. A glandu- 

 lar and sticky, hcavy-sconted 

 annual about 1-3 ft. : Ivs. from 

 broadly lanceolate to linear: 

 ravs 5-12, with honey-yellow 

 lig'ules about J^in. long. Ore., 

 Calif., Chile, perhaps native in 

 S. Amer. N. TAYLOR.f 



MASA (from madss, the Arabian name of Afa-sa hm- 

 ceolata). Myrsinacct. A group of about 100 slirubs 

 found throughout the tropical anfl subtropical regions, 

 except Amer., .liffcring from all other Myrsinaoeaj in the 

 many-seeded fr. an<l the half-superior ovary. Lvs. 

 alternate, petioled, entire or serrate, without stipules: 

 as. smaU, white, in axillary racemes or panicles, rarely 

 terminal; calyx .5-lobed; corolla campanulate or urceo- 

 late .5-lobed; stamc-ns aflixcd to the corolhi^tube, oppo- 

 site the lobes, included; ovary half-sui)erior, l-cel ed, 

 with many ovules on a central placenta; style cylin- 

 dric with capitate stigma: fr. berry-hke, many-seede( , 

 crowned by the persistent calyx and styk;. Ihe tol- 

 lowing species are occasionally grown in h. talit. and 

 M argentea as a greenhouse shrub in botanical gar- 

 dcn.s in Eu. Prop, by .seeds and probably by cuttings. 

 M. argentea, Wall. Large .shrub with stout liranches, 

 denw:ly brownish pubescent while young: lvs mein- 

 branoas, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, dentate dull green 

 alxjve and more or leas pubescent on both sides, 4-H in. 

 long: fls. white, scarcely K'n. long, in short racemes 

 1/^1 in long: fr. globose, whitish, J^in. across or less. 

 Himalavas. M. indica, Wall. Tree, to :«) ft.: lvs cori- 

 aceous, glabrous, elliptic, dentate, about 5 in. long. 

 racem(« axillary, shorter than Ivs. India. Bears edible 

 berries. M. macrophylla, Wall. Shrub, (V-14 ft.: 

 branches pubescent: lvs. broa<]ly elliptic, softly hairy 



229S. Madia elegans. 



(Natural sizcj 



MAGNOLIA 



on both surfaces, dentate, to 6 in. : racemes panicled, 

 often as long lus lvs.: berries rusty red, not edible. 

 Iiulia. AlI'"hed Rehder. 



MAGNOLIA (after ririT(> Magnol, professor of medi- 

 cine and direeti>r of the liotaiuc garden at Moiilpellier, 

 163S-1715). Mayiioliarci. Woody plants grown chiefly 

 for their showv white, pink or purpU> flowers and also 

 for their handsome foliage; mostly spring-blooming. 



Deciduous or I'vergreen trees and shrubs, with rather 

 stout branches marked with consiiicuous If.-scars: lvs. 

 alternate, entire; the stipuk^j usually adnate to the 

 petiole and inclosing the vou^m-successive If . : fls. ter- 

 minal, solitary, the buds inclosed in a stipular spathe; 

 sejials 3, often ]iet aloid ; petals 6-15 ; stamens and cvirpels 

 numerous, the latter connate into a spindle, deyeloping 

 into a cone-like somewhat fleshy or leathery tr., with 

 dehiscent, 1-2 seeded (carpels; the large, usually scarlet 

 .seeds often suspended for a time from the fr. by thin 

 threads.— .\bout 35 species in N. and Cent. Amer., 

 Himalayas and E. Asia. The wood is dosc-grained, usu- 

 ally liglit and satiny, but not durable; that of M. hypo- 

 liiira is much used in Japai^for lacquered ware; the 

 bark and fr. of some species have been used medici- 

 nally as a tonic and stimulant. 



The magnolias are highly ornamental and iiopular, 

 with large white, pink or purple, rarely yellowish flow- 

 ers often fragrant; the cone-shaped fruits are often pink 

 or scarlet and very decorative. Most of the deciduous 

 species are fairly liardv, at least in sheltered positions, 

 as far north as northern New York and Massachusetts, 

 and M. acuminata, M. Kobus and M. stellata even far- 

 ther north, while M. Campbellii is the most tender. Ot 

 the evergreen species, M. grandiflora, one of the most 

 beautiful native trees, is precariously hardy north to 

 Philadelphia. The Asiatic deciduous sjiecies are among 

 the most showy and striking of the eariy-flowenng trees 

 and shrubs; the eariiest is the shrubby M. stMala, 

 blooming in mild climates in March, and after this M. 

 denudala comes into bloom, closely followed by M. i^^oMr- 

 langeana and after this M. liliflora. The handsomest of 

 the deciduous species is probably M. hypoleuca,mth the 

 very large leaves silvery white below and with showy, 

 sweet-scented flowers; also the American M. macrophylla 

 and M. tripetala are conspicuous by their very large 

 foliage. The magnolias are usually planted as single 

 specimens on the lawn, and there are, perhaps, no plant^s 

 more striking against a background of dark green coni- 

 fers. Some species, as M. grandiflora in the South and 

 M acuminata farther north, are fine avenue trees. 1 he 

 magnolias thrive best in somewhat rich, moderately 

 moist and porous soil, preferring sandy or peaty loam, 

 but some kinds which usually grow natura y on the 

 borders of swamps, as M. glancn, thrive as weU in moist 

 and swampy situations. Transplanting is ditticult and 

 is most successfully performed just when the new growth 

 is starting. Propagation is by seeds sown immediately 

 or stratified, and by layers of last year's growth put 

 down in spring and tongued.or notched. Layers are 

 usually severed and transplanted the following spring, 

 but as many of them die after transplanting, it is a 

 safer way to take them oft eariy in .July, when the new 

 LTowth has ripened, plant them in pots and keep in a 

 close frame until they are established. Varieties and 

 rarer kinds are often veneer- or side-grafted in early 

 spring or summer on potted stock in the greenhouse or 

 frame; .as a stock M . tripetala is perhaps the best on 

 account of its better fibrous roots, which render trans- 

 planting safer, but M. acumimila is also a good stock. 

 •Sometimes increased by greenwood cuttings taken with 

 a heel and handled under glass. 



Magnolias in the South. 

 Evergreen kinds. (P. .J. Berckmans.) 



Among the finest magnolias cultivated in the South 

 are the two native evergreen spc(aes, .1/. grnndiflorn and 



