1076 



MAMMEA 



MAMMILLARIA 



nniinlixl or blunt :it the ajx^x, coriaooous, dooji proon, 

 fjlossy on the iippor surfaoo, marki\i with nuiiicious lint- 

 transvorse, retioulatiHi veins ami iielhuiil dots; petiole 

 stout, 'jin. or less in length: lis. solitary or clustered 

 in the axils of llie younj; shoots: petals white, fragrant ; 

 anthers ohlonji, laterally dehiseent : fr. plobose, li-tl in. 

 diiun., russet, seotls 1-4. A native of the W. Imlies 

 and N. S. Amor. 



When pn>«"n on deep rich soils, the mammec-apple 

 attains hirge proportions, and is one of the most beau- 

 tiful and conspicuous ti-ees in the West Indies. Its 



M 



/ ■^ ' «^^- 



2313. Mammea americana. — Maminee-apple. (X'i) 



trunk sometimes attains a diameter of 3 or 4 feet, while 

 its dense, erect but very broad crown is of a deei)er, 

 richer sha<le of green than that of most other trees. The 

 large, oblong leaves appear a.s if varnished. The tree is 

 cultivated for its fruit in the West Indies a.s well ius 

 on the mainland of tropical America. It is successfully 

 grown in Florida a-s far north as Palm Beach, and 

 though not common, fine specimens are occasionally 

 seen at Miami and other points. While young it is 

 verj' .susceptible to frost. It has never been success- 

 fully grown in the open in California, so far as known, 

 and is probably too tender for any section of that state. 



The fruit is oblate to round in form, commonly 4 to 6 

 inches in diameter, the surface russet-colored and some- 

 what rough. The pliable leathery skin is \'^ inch in 

 thickness; if cut when green, a bright yellow triucilagin- 

 ous sap exudes. Surrounding the one to four large, 

 oval, rough seeds is the bright yellow flesh, jui(-y but 

 of finri texture. The flavor is frequently compared to 

 that of the apricot, and when the fruit is stewed or 

 preserved the resemblance is rather striking. The pulp 

 Ls sometimes sliced and served with wine, or sugar and 

 CTf;am, but is usually preferred by Europeans in the 

 form of sauce, preserves or jam. The season of r)i)eiiing 

 in the West Indies is in the summer. 



From the fragrant white flowers a liqueur is distilled 

 in the French West Indies which is known a.s can de 

 cr/^jle or creme de cr6ole. The wood is hard an<l 

 durable, and is .said to be well adapted to building pur- 



poses n.s well a.s cabinet-work; it is beautifully grained 

 and takes a high polish. The resinous gum obtained 

 from the bark is u.sed to extract cliigoes from the feet. 

 Propagation is usually by seeds, which germinate 

 readily if jilaiited in light sandy loam. While the tree 

 l)refers a rich well-drained soil, it succeeds remarkably 

 well on the shallow sandy .soil, underlaid with soft 

 limestone, of the Florida east coiust. Seedlings exhibit 

 considerable variation, and do not, as a rule, come into 

 bearing under six or seven years of age. Some asexual 

 method should be utilized to propagate desirable 

 varieties; inarching succeeds with the mangosteen, and 

 should be ap])licable to this iMant as well; liudding 

 might also be successful, performed as with the mango. 

 Through select iiii\ of seedlings the fruit could be greatly 

 improved; as an cxam[>le, a seedling is known in the 

 Isle of Pines in which tlie flesh .separates readily from 

 the .seeds, although it normally adheres very closely. 



F. W. PoPENOE. 



MAMMILLARIA (Latin, iiKuiiinila: referring to the 

 nijiple-like tubercles on th<'se plants) . Often but not orig- 

 inally sjielled Mdmiltiiria. Cactncia. (dobular or con- 

 densed small spiny cacti grown in greenhouses and .some of 

 the species in the open far South; mostly fanciers' plants. 



Stems simple, branching or in a cluster from the 

 root, conunonly hemispherical or short-cylindrical, but 

 often depressed or sometimes much elongated, the sur- 

 face entirely broken up into tubercles (mamilke) : fle. 

 usually short-funnelform, with naked or ncarlj' naked 

 tube and ovary, borne in the more or less woolly axils 

 between the tubercles, or at the inner extremity of a 

 narrow groove on their upper surface: fr. globose to 

 linear-clavate, nearly always smooth and berry-like. 

 The name Mammillaria is one of the generic names 

 con.served by the Vienna rules of nomenclature, but 

 there seems to be no justification for this except as a 

 matter of convenience. The name Mammillaria, used 

 for a cactus genus, was given by Haworth in 1812, but 

 is antedated by the Mammillaria published by Stack- 

 house for a genus of alga. The alga name has long been 

 reduced to synonony, but a recent study of its status 

 seems to justify its reestablishment. Mammillaria, as 

 considered here, follows closely the treatment in Cyclo. 

 Amer. Hort., but, as a matter of fact, it would be 

 better to divide the group into 2 or more genera. Brit- 

 ton & Rose are preparing a monograph of the Cacta- 

 cea; in which these points will be discussed; but in the 

 meantime, the old name Mammillaria will be retained. 



The cultivation of Mammillaria differs in no respect 

 from Echinocactus, which see. 



artinthnphlcpnui, 67. 

 Alvcraonii, 28. 

 anrifttrnrnttllui, 10. 

 ariRuIaris, 71. 

 applanata, 82. 

 arida, 72. 

 arietina, 74. 

 arizonipa, 2R. 

 .armillata, .*)(). 

 aiibintlftvlf, 9. 

 atiTfirrpK, r)2. 

 niUitmnnlin, 75. 

 I)arl)ata, 42. 

 tiii-ol.ir, 08. 

 iinfiinana, 46. 

 Ijon'alis. 28. 

 HraiulfKci, 81. 

 Brtinmii, 14. 

 c.Typitilift, 6. 

 riilrnratn, 24. 

 randida, 44. 

 Caput-Modusae, 89. 

 caruca, Hrj. 

 Carrntii, !>S. 

 centricirrha, 74. 

 chloraiitha, 28. 

 ciTTkifera, t."*. 

 ronoidr-a. 26. 

 .■.>riiif.T:i, 16. 

 ciirniita. 2\h 

 craaHitipiiia, 62. 



INDEX. 



crucigera, 80. 

 daimonocoras, 17. 

 dasyacantha, 7. 

 dec'ipiens, 36. 

 deflexisvinxi, 74. 

 densa, 34. 

 denudata, 39. 

 deserti, 28. 

 difEcilis, 15. 

 dioica, 49. 

 discolor, 64. 

 dolictiocentra, 63. 

 dumetorum, 37. 

 durispina, 6. 

 echinaria, 34. 

 echinata, 34. 

 eetiinoidea, 19. 

 Echinus. 18. 

 eleKans, 67. 

 eloptiantidens, 30. 

 elongata, 34. 

 erccta, 11. 

 eriarantha, 59. 

 fascicuiata, 54. 

 formosa, 70. 

 FoersLeri, 74. 

 fraeilis, 38. 

 JuhritipimL, 62. 

 fiiscata, 62. 

 Oabbii, 81. 



Galcottii, 57, 63. 

 gloljosa, 31. 

 Goodrichii, 49, 52. 

 Grahamii, 53. 

 Greggii, 33. 

 Guilleminiana, 36. 

 Haageana, 66. 

 Halci, 4. 

 Heoscana, 76. 

 hciiiisphaTica, 82. 

 Hfydori, 82. 

 hidalgcnsis. 79. 

 Ilirsriiliana, 28. 

 impcxicoiiia, 23. 

 insularis, 49. 

 Kluffii, 67. 

 Knimrri, 74. 

 Kim/.cana, 47. 

 lasiaiantlia, 39. 

 Lthmanniif 9. 

 Lcona, 35_. 

 Lcsaunirri, 6.5. 

 littorrihs, 5.5. 

 longirnanima. 31. 

 Macdcmgalii. 83. 

 inarronipris, .S. 

 niacrothclc, 9. 

 Maina-, 57. 

 inazatlanensis, 55. 

 mt'iacantha, 84. 



