19*.V2 



MAMIIOT 



MANURE 



3-9 ft., or siuall tn-o in the tropics: roots fleshy, in a S. Hrazil and cult, and n.aturalizod in many tro])ical 

 bjuyil cluster: Ivs. somewhat pubescent, deeply ;{-7- countries. Jour. Bot. 18:321. 



jwirtetl; lolies 3-S in. lonii, lanceolate, acuminate: M. </irfrai/AIia, Mucll. Ar(!.=Jatrophtt intcgprrima, .luiq. 



stipules snijill. entin>: lis. paniculate; calyx less than J. 15. S. Norton. 



' ^in. lonn, pubescent inside: caps, wine-angled. Brazil. MANURE (from old French itiiinwi'rcr, to cultivate by 



B.M. 3071. — Cult, in nlany varieties and naturalized in hand; coiiiicclcd willi Latin for ltd nit and work). In the 

 various tropical lands. broadest sense, niamnc is any subslan(re apjilied to the 



dulcis, Tax U'i"-<)pAa <iiifci«, Gmel.). Shrub, 3-12 ft. «''• f"i' "»^ purpo.se of increasing productivity. The 

 high: roots shnilar to the preceilin;; six-cies but f;™or- excrements of animals, nnxcd or unmixed with straw or 

 allv smaller: Ivs. dwplv 3-13-i.arted; lobes lanceolate ""»''■ al)sorbciils, are usually spoken of as barn-ma- 

 to'olwvate; stipules narrow, ix.inted. subenlire: Hs. ""'"'■•^- < 'ommcrcial manun-s or "iertilizcrs" arc usually 

 paniculate; ealvx '-.-Sjin. Ions, ])ubesceiit inside: ca])s. coiicenlrntcd forms of mlni({en, potash and pliosiilionc 

 not winp-ansjli^l. Vnr. Aipi, Pax (M . Aijn, Tolil. .1/. J"'"'. ""'"''1 '"■ unmixed (sec F,rlili:<rs): (rreeii iiiamircs 

 palmata var li/>i' Muell, .Xrfj.l. Swket ('.\,ss.\va. ^i"' ''vui;; plants jjlowed under to furnish humus and 

 \IPI Younjier parts pubc-^cent : Ivs. ;i-7-parted: lobes increase i)ro<luctivit,y; amendments are substances, such 

 obovatc to elliptical-lanceolate. Wild in Brazil and ius lime, which iiiay mcrea,se the Krowlli and hcalthfiil- 

 cult.then> and elsewhere in the tropics. ness of plants by improving the 



Var. multJfida, Pax (.U. patmala var. aU physical condition and modifying the 



miillilhla. Muell. .\r!i.). Lvs. long- ^/i? chemical reactions of the soil. In 



ijetio'Uvl, 7-13-parted, mostlv glar . /B^ ... general farming, liarn -manures are 



brous; lobes spat ulati-lanccolate to \. ^JT^^m^^^ usually applied in the raw or unrotted 



lanceolate. S.Brazil. H.l. 530. -,-, Xftfi*!^^^^ state; in horticulliire, rotted or parti- 



t ' .. ~~x ^^yv[ " ^M" ^^ iihy rotted. Horse-manure is used tor 



\ ^ -*.^^ (( ||I^^ MBBBS^^Bj I^W |w hotbeds, while eow-manure, mixed 



>> ^^ , ij .*<^a£15^SHKwK^^^^^^'^ with soil, is best for forming a moist 



T^^ "^^j^ ""ffft^iiPff Wl lB 6n?* Mim&^i>. rich potting earth. Dung, the sohd 



'""^ •^f^A/^ ^ e"? ' • "^ ^■^^^^^^^"™'*^*^. voidings of animals, after weathering 

 ^i^^/^ wftOr^fii xAijp^Mk for a time, is also a valuable addition 



^, , , ■ »^^'*V ^^'''j^^^ ?*Km "tv'^^^ to potting earth. Florists often keep 



^jP^A \0 '^ y^i \V ''w3 ' '^ number of dairy cattle that an 



V ■ t\ ^i'^^^ ' ■ I p f ' ' abundant sujjply of bovine manure, 



yir^ f-_f^jf. ' «.« '~* ^V which is so valuable in floriculture, 



/ '^•'ii.-^^^i' B;l ,,,, "\ may be at hand. Commercial ma- 



■ '*|f v^;t--pr^'?J^?S^'?*/^.„ k1 » nures are used in small quantities, 



■'. \ /^ ^l^'Blv' W. either direct or in solution. Nitrogen 



> /iSl M*. • \ \ m^^ *li_,^l^^i^f (V.^«B5r»». stinuilates the vegetative system and 



ri'jl^C^' v/ ■^^''^'j^^^pT?^ '^'t '^'i^^^^^^SSiU^t^^ tends to produce rapid growth and 



l-^^-iJwi^ \ ' -''S^^j^^'i ' '^'^^^-j/'i'fetA^ dark foliage. Phosphoric acid, among 



rV-^/yi;^ Vj^ / ^^JJir'%^ ' ''''^^^^ other effects, has that of produ- 



\j '■ j^^^^ I ^^^fc;''''^llii^i^li2k.'*^^^K. '^'"i' vvell-developed plum]) seeds and 



'/ .^^^n ^L.^^^^™''*!5i8fcsiE£l'^ fruits; potash may augment these 



effects, as well as increase and inten- 

 i,y. ^_ "mi«t 1 *'fy ^^^ color of the bloom. 



Barn- manures are more highly 



K* '^^ I \ t prized than formerly. Waste of their 



** valuable constituents is now largely 



avoided either by aijplying them to 

 the hftid day by day, as they are pro- 

 duced, or by more rational methods 

 of caring for them until they are partly 

 rotted or opportunity is alTorded for 

 mo.st suit.able ai)i)lic;ition to the land. 



,,,, «. -L . ...- • .1. . Covered yards or pits are now some- 



2323. Manihot utilissima, the roots ,. " i r * -i * • 



of which produce tapioca. ""^cs used for temporarily storing 



manures, where they can have water 

 added if too dry and if likely to "firefang;" or absor- 

 bents, such as straw, dry muck, gyi)sum and the like, 

 may be used if they are too watery. When bedding is 

 cc. Lf. -lobes Hinuaie or pandurale or shallowly lobcd abundant, the animals may take their exercise in the 



near Ihi: apex, acuminate. covered yaril, as they will solidify the manure by tramp- 



carthaginensis, Muell. Arg. {M. Jdnipha, Pohl. ing it, thereby diminishing loss by too rapid fermenta- 

 JtUropliii rjiTlluujmfnxU, .Jacq.)! Ydquilla. Tree: lvs. tion. Both salt and gypsum conserve jilant-food in 

 5-7-lobwl; lobe.s lyrate-sinuate; stipules entire: fls. manures when spread over the ma,ss from time to time 

 racemose; calyx glabrous, about >2in. long: caps, not in small quantities. The quantity and value of manure 

 wing-angled. S. Texiis to Venezuela in sandv soil. made by domestic animals is not realized by those who 



dichfitoma, Ule. Tree; lvs. deeply 3-.5-parted; lobes •^'''■w i* »« >"' «iittered over large open barnyards or 

 broa^l, entire t« sinuate or pandurate; stipules dentic- 'i""«- '' »^' remain for con.siderable pcrio.s under the 

 ulate; fls. in short rar:emes; calvx 3^in. long, pubescent «-:''''' "^ "": tf ?■ I'-^te"dod experimen s at the Cornell 

 inside: car>s. wing-angled. S. Brazil. H.l. 2S7tj, 2877. Experiment Station showed that the following amounts 

 ' "^ - of excrements were produced daily for each 1,000 



nn. LvH. ptiUaU-. jjounds of live weight of anim.al: ; 



Glazidvii, Muell. Arg. Ceaha Rubbkk Tree. Mani- sheep. 34.1 



80BA. Tree, up to 40 ft. high: lvs. deeply 3-.5-lobed; Calve» 67.8 



lofxsi .i-i in. long, entire, ovate-oblong to elliptical, P'K8_^ ^^\ 



short-acuminate; stipules denticulate: fls. paniculate; iiorBes 48!s 



calyx glabroas, about y^in. \<mi!.: caps, not wing-angled. I'nwls 39.8 



