lOiHl 



MAlUXiRAVlA 



MARKKA 



MARCGRAVIA itii-ors M.-irognwf, born KUO, :i 

 von- oarly writer on Hnuiliiin iialdral history). ISomp- 

 tiuu>s sih'IKnI Marajmaria luiii Miircgiajia. Mtiicijm- 

 I'lVifi-.r; by some ;iutlioritii-s includi-il in Tirtixlnciiiinrci . 

 C'linibinp opipliytic slinibs. one of whii'li is ofliivil 

 iibnvul as a warnilmusi' iilant: Ivs. ontire, sliort-stalkod, 

 (•oriaivoiis: lis. in terminal mnbels or raccinos, the 

 coroUa eap-hke ami falhnp as a sitigle pioee; sepals (i, 

 2 smaller; stamens mostly many (sometimes a,s few 

 !»s 12): fr. globose to ovoid, more or less fleshy, with 

 nuinerotis seeds, ^peeies probably 10, many of lliem 

 rooentlv ileseribed in Trop. .Vmer. M. umbellata, Linn., 

 \V. Imlies and S. .Vmer., is a polymorphous plant , tlie 

 sterile shoots ereeping and rooting: Ivs, on the rooting 

 shoots distiehons, nearly sessile, cordate and eniai'ni- 

 nate, on the other shoots oblong to linear: fls. sreeni-sh, 

 lunbellate: fr. with red pul|>; elinfjs to trees by roots. 



MARCHANTIA (Marehant, Freneh botanist). Mar- 

 chaiitU'tcts'. A common liverwort (one of the Bryophyta; 

 see p. 6, Vol. I) spreailinp its If.-like forUin;; tlialhis on 

 moist earth. .1/. poli/murpha, Linn., has been ofTered by 

 dealers in native plants, the .sods of it bein;; sold for 

 coloiiiziiiK in roek-Rardens. It frequently urows on 

 damp sills and walls in greenhou.ses. The flat thalhis 

 is often 4-.t in. long and 1 in. or more wide, from whiih 

 rise pcduneles 1 in. high, bearing the ant hcridial disk or 

 shield and the star-like carpocephalura on similar stalks 

 1-3 in. high. 



MARGUERITE, a popular name for certain daisy-like 

 plants, the word related in origin to the Clreek for 

 peart, as also iiiiiTgiirildaous, ''pearly;" from the same 

 root is derived the personal name Margaret and others. 

 In florist's usage, tlie marguerites are sjjeeies of Chrys- 

 anthemum. Bhie marguerite is Felicia amdloide.s, and 

 Heine marguerite of t he French is the China aster. There 

 are two tJ^)es of marguerites, the common one, or Paris 

 daisy, with coarse green foliage, and the glaucous mar- 

 guerites, with finer cut glaucous foliage. The former, 

 Chrysanthemum frute<<cens, is better for ctit-flowers. The 

 latter, 'C. anelhifolium, is probably better for large 

 specimens. 



Marguerites are standard useful plants with florists 

 and in the conservatories of amateurs, being of eiusy 

 culture and remarkably free from enemies. They are 

 cultivated for two distinct purposes, — for cut-flowers 

 and for specimen plants, young plants being used for 

 the former pur}>osc, and older ones for the latter. For 

 cut-flowers, the cuttings are rooted in spring, and 

 the florists usually keep the jilants in pots all suiimier 

 outdoors, though this is not necessary for amateurs, 

 and flowers arc proiluced during the following winter. 

 It is sometimes saiil that marguerites do not. lift well 

 in the fall after being i)lantcd out all summer in the 

 garden, and that unrestricted root-room makes the 

 plants too large for the best production of cut^flowers. 

 The principles underlying the matter are as follows: In 

 turning plants out of pots into the open groun<l in 

 spring, a plant that has filled its pot well with roots 

 tends to make a much iriore compact root-system in 

 the garden than the plant that had but few roots in 

 its pot, and the fonner plant is easily lifted in the fall 

 and with less damage to the roofs. As a matter of 

 fact, marguerites do not belong to the class of plants 

 that are difficult to lift in the fall, anrl it is only a ques- 

 tion of starting the cuttings early enough in spring to get 

 the plant moderately pot^botind before it is planted out 

 into the open ground. Specimen plants are most attrac- 

 tive in the second winter following the .spring in which 

 cuttings were struck. After that they are likely to 

 bewjme Ux) large and strjiggling. While in the garden, 

 the flowers should not be allowed to fonn, if the main 

 object Ls hig)i-gra<ie cut^flowers in quantity for the 

 winter. Old plants that are unfit for further use in the 

 conservatory may be turned out in summer and will 



furnish scattering bloom all .sunnner, tliough the 

 flowers are likely to be rather small. If there were 

 sullicient demand, it could be easily managed to have 

 flowers in every month of tlie year. It is a great pity 

 to cut miirgueriles williout any foliage. The rule is that 

 all flowers look best with scimc foliage, esiiecially their 

 nvn\. With a little forethought, just as many flowers 

 can be secured, and they will look much ])rettier and 

 last longer. There are very few conservatories without 

 some marguerites. An excellent iilaii is to have a num- 

 ber of plants in 6-inch jiols from cuttings struck the 

 ))n'vious spring. A plant looks bad at lirst- when the 

 flowers hav(^ been removed on sprays a foot long, but 

 in a shorl lime (hey are ready for culling again. With 

 a lit lie management, a .succession of flowers can be 

 maintained without making all the plants thin or 

 vuisigliljy. Such sprays will last a week or two in water, 

 and Ihe o])ening of the larger Imds is an additional 

 feature of beauty which is lost if flowers arc cut with 

 short stems and without foliage, (liobert Shore.) 



MARGYRICARPUS (Greek, pearl i/ fruit: referring to 

 the white berries), lioniicca-. .South American sub- 

 shrubs, of which M. sdotsus is a heath-like plant cult, 

 in rockeries for its numerous small white berries, which 

 are seen to best advantage against dark background. 

 The nearest genus of garden value is Ac;rna, which has 

 fls. on heads or spikes, while those of Margyricarpusare 

 solitary and axillary. Branching shrubs with incon- 

 spicuous fls. which are sessile and have no petals: Ivs. 

 alternate, crowded, overlapping: calyx-tube persistent; 

 lobes 4-5; ovary 1, in the calyx-tube, with very short 

 style; ovule solitary, hanging from the top of the cell: fr. 

 a coriaceous achene. — S]iecies a half-dozen and more, in 

 temperate parts of mountains and south to Patagonia. 



setdsus, Ruiz. & Pav. Pearl Fruit. Low-growing 

 little evergreen (about 1 ft.): Ivs. odd-pinnate with 

 subulate more or less reflexed Ifts. : fls. very small, 

 green, sessile in the axUs: fr. white, showy and persist- 

 ing for some time, small. Peru, Cliile. — Hardy in 

 England. Intro, in S. Calif. 



A/, hjihridus is offered abroad as a "pretty evergreen afpine 

 shrub thicftfy studded witti rose-colored berries." T TT R 



MARICA (meaning doubtful; perhaps from the 

 verb /(/ Jl<i{i). Iridaccse. Tropical plants allied to Iris, 

 but with shorter-lived flowers and convolute inner 

 segments. 



Rootstock a short rhizome: Ivs. sword-shaped, 2- 

 ranked: fls. blue, yellow or white, very fugitive, in 

 clusters on a flat and If.-like peduncle, 2^ in. across, 

 flie outer segms. large, white or blue, the inner ones 

 smaller, fiddle-shapetl, with beautiful coloring; stamens 

 short and erect, the filaments distinct: caps, oblong, 

 ;5-valved, many-seeded. — About a dozen perennial 

 herbs, in Trop. Amor, and 1 in Guinea (Afr.) They are 

 I)lant(ul in the fall, and are hardy with winter covering 

 in (hi' wartiier parts. The genus is nearest to Cypella, 

 but the style-crests are petal-like, while in Cypella they 

 are spur-like or flattened; in CjTiella the Ivs. are plicate 

 rather than distichous and the rootstock is biilbous. 



A. Outer segms. white, or marked at tlie base with brown 

 and yellrjw. 



gracilis, Ibirb. Lvs. G-8 in a tuft, sword-shaped, 

 1-1 '■> ft. Icmg, '.2-1 in. broad: pedimele limg and flat, 

 bearing fls. at some distance from the end and some- 

 times taking root from the top; fls. 2 in. across; outer 

 segms. obovate, white, with cross-marks at base of yel- 

 low and brown; inner segms. small, reflexed, blue. Mex. 

 to Brazil. B.M. .'5713. On. fiS, p. 37. 



Northiana, Ker. Lvs. about 8 in a tuft, sword- 

 .shaiK'd, bright green, about 2 ft. long and 1}^2 in. 

 broad: peihmcic 3 ft. long, as broad as the lvs., with 

 about 2 clusters near the apex; fls. 3-4 in. across; outer 

 segms. pure white and obovate, variegated on the claw; 



