MAKTYNIA 



MASDEVALLIA 



2005 



MARTtNIA i.Iohn JMart>ai, U)9!)-17aS, professor of 

 botany at C'ambridgo, botanical author). Including 

 Proh(i>:ciili(i. Miirli/niacca . Coarso annuals and ppron- 

 nials from the wanner parts of Anu'rira, a few of which 

 arc cultivated for pickles or for ornament. 



Rank branchy ))lants of heavy odor, viscid-pubes- 

 cent, mostly sprawling on the ground: Ivs. large, hkely 

 to be opposite and alternate on same plant, 

 petiole<l, broad and subeordate, entire or lobed: 

 fls. large and fumielform-campanulate in short 

 loose terminal racemes; calj'x more or less 

 swollen - campanulate, deeply and unequally 

 5-parted, often split on the anterior side; corolla 

 \'iolet-purple, pale yellow or whitish mottlet: 

 oblique, decun-ed, the limb somewhat bilabiate 

 but the 5 spreading lobes nearly equal; fertile 

 stamens 2 in the genus Martjiiia as defined by 

 Stapf (Engler & Prantl, Die Pflanzenfamilien, 

 including one species apparently not in cult.), 

 and 4 in the genus or group Proboscidea which 

 is here included in ;Mart\Tiia and to which the 

 cult, species belong; ovan.- 1-celIed, the 2 parietal 

 placentae extended inward and meeting at the 

 middle as if 2-celled: fr. a 2-valved caps., more 

 or less fleshy, hairy, with a long curving beak; 

 seeds large. — Species about 8, U. S. to S. Amer. 

 The closely allied Craniolaria (which see, in Vol. 

 II) is distinguished by the long slender corolla- 

 tube {Martijnia Craniolaria, G\ox. = Craniolaria 

 annua). The trade names need revision. 



Wartynias are sometimes grown in gardens for their 

 bright large flowers, abundant foliage and odd pods. 

 They are treated as half-hardy annuals. They are also 

 grown in the vegetable-garden for the small tender pods 

 which are made into pickles the same as cucumbers. 

 The plants grow 1 1^ feet or more high, and sjjread 

 widely. They should be started in a hotbed in the North 

 and transplanted to the open. In the middle and south- 

 em states seed may be sown in the open 3 feet apart 

 each way where the plants are to remain. They need a 

 warm open soil and sunny e.xposure. The fruits have 

 a very distinct appearance by reason of the long-curved 

 horn which sphts from the top as the capsule hardens. 



A. Lvs. more or less lobed: fls. purple or reddish. 



fragrans, Lindl. (.1/. formosa, VUm. M. violacea, 

 Engehn.). Annual: less stout than M. louiniana: lvs. 

 roundish to oblong-cordate, somewhat lobed and wa^'y- 

 toothed, 3-5 in. broad: corolla campanulate, 1 or 2 in. 

 long and wide, fragrant, reddish purple to violet-purple. 

 Te.xas, New Mex., Ariz., N. Mex. B.M. 4292. B.R. 

 27:6. R.H. 1843:529. 



AA. Lis. sinuate or perhaps dentate, not lobed: fls. mostly 

 whitish or yellotmsh but sometimes purplish. 



louisiana, Mill. (M. proboscidea, Glox. Proboscidea 

 Ju.'isieiii, Steud.). UxicoRX Pl.4^nt. Proboscis 

 Flower. Fig. 2328. Annual, the ascending or prostrate 

 branches 2-3 ft. long: lvs. roundish, cordate, often 

 oblique, entire or obscurely wa\'y-lobed, 4—12 in. wide: 

 fls. 1J^2 in. long, dull white or yellowish with mottles 

 or spots of purple or yellow within, the corolla nearly as 

 broad as long, the lobes obtuse: fr. 4-6 in. long at 

 maturity, the beak equaling or exceeding the bodj'. 

 Native from Ind. to Utah and to Texas and New Mex.; 

 naturalized farther east and north. B.M. 10.56. V. 

 3: 1.51.— The picture (Fig. 2328) shows frs. one-third the 

 size at full maturity. The right-hand specimen shows 

 the woody part, aiter all the soft parts have been 

 macerated. 



l&tea, Lindl. (M. montetndensis, Cham.). Annual, 

 1}2 ft., the plant pale, glandular-pubescent: lvs. cor- 

 date-orbiculate, subdentate, .5-7-nervefl : fls. few, in erect 

 terminal racemes, large, greenish yellow outside and 

 orange inside; corolla funnel-shaped, the tube con- 

 stricted: caps, woody, boat-shaped, cristate on back, 



2-beaked at apex, the beaks 2 in. long. Brazil. B.R. 

 934. Perhaps not in the trade. l_ jj g + 



MASDEVALLIA (Joseph Masdcvall, a Spanish phy- 

 sician and botanist). Orchidacese. Orchids, not showy, 

 but odd and often grotesque. 



Pseudobulbs none: lvs. variable in size, oblong to 

 linear, thick, sheathing at the ba.sc: peduncles 

 bearing from 1-5 or more fls.: petals small and 

 usually hidden in the calyx-tube, the 3 calyx- 

 lobes greatl}- developed and giving character to 

 the fl.; often these lobes end in slender tails 



'-■■'■■'■^■^iiiil. 



2328. Martynia louisiana. 



(XM) 



several inches long; hp of the corolla short, articulate 

 with the base of the winged or wingless column, in some 

 species sensitive; poUinia 2, without caulicles. — More 

 than 150 species, inhabitants of the American tropics, 

 and various hybrid and garden forms. The species of 

 the M. coccinea group are relatively simple in form, but 

 are usually prized for their brilUant coloring. Those of 

 the .1/. Chims-ra group are remarkable for their fantas- 

 tic shapes. Of late years manj' new kinds have been 

 intro., and the genus is somewhat confused as to the 

 specific limits of the various forms. Masdevalhas are 

 polj-morphous, and herbarium specimens do not show- 

 specific characters well. See "The Genus MasdevaUia," 

 by Florence H. Woolw-ard (1896). 



Cultural directions. (R. M. Grey.) 



Masdevalhas are found growing at high elevations, 

 ranging from 6,(K)0 to 12,SX) feet above sea^level, in 

 northw-estem South America and Central America, with 

 a few sparingly distributed elsewhere over tropical 

 America. These regions are generally subjected to two 

 rainy seasons annually, often with very short intermis- 

 sions. The atmosphere, though .somewhat rarified, is 

 very humid, the temperature in the shade seldom rising 

 above 65° F., and often dropping to 40° in some dis- 

 tricts. Heavy fogs are frequent, especially in the fore- 

 part of the day, and during the greater part of the 

 year the under-vegetation is in a saturated condition; 

 the high winds prevalent in these districts, however, 

 counteract to a great extent any evil influence which 

 might otherwi.se arise from it. 



The heat of our summer makes it quite impossible to 

 imitate wholly the above conditions, but with a proper 

 house, such as is afforded odontoglossums of the cris- 

 pum section, verj- satisfactory results may be obtained 

 and the manj- species will be found of comparatively 

 easy culture. A low, well-ventUatcd, half-span house of 

 northern exposure, with an upright stone or brick wall 

 on the south side, is best adapted to them. The house 

 should be provided with canvas roll-shading, supported 

 on a framework elevated 15 or 18 inches above the 

 glass in order that the cool air may pa.ss freely beneath 

 it. This will help to guard against solar heat during 

 summer. Houses built partly below ground are not to 

 be recommended, as the atmosphere soon becomes 

 stagnant antl inactive, causing the leaves to fall pre- 



