MOHMODES 



MORUS 



2069 



bronzy p"ci'n; lahoUiitu rosy iTimson. — This plant is 

 t'xln'nioly v;ii'ialili' in color, ranging from nearly white 

 to chocolati'-brown, tho various forms being either 

 spotted or plain, lis forms have been described under 

 at least 7 distinct specific names. 



luxata, Lindl. Pscudohulbs 4-0 in. long: sheathing Ivs. 

 1-2 ft. long, n;irro\v-lani-eolate, plaited: raceme much 

 shorter; fis. 2 in. diani., rather fleshy and globular, 

 lemon-yellow, with a dark brown streak down the 

 labelluni' sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals oblong, con- 

 cave; labellum hemispherical, concave, obsoletely 

 3-lobcd, July. Mex. B.R. 29:.3:3. R.H. 1889: 132.— 

 \'ery fragi'ant. The fls. arc remarkably distorted. Var. 

 ebumea, Ilort. Fls. creamy white. This is a very 

 effective plant, superior to the tjTje. G.C. II. 18:145. 

 l.H. 34:35. 



M. Oberlaitderianum, Lehm &. Kriinzl. Sepals and petals 

 lenion-color. rose-spotted; lip apricot, with large spots of same 

 color. N. K. Amcr. G.C. III. 2S;31S. — M. revoliilum, Ro\ie. Fls. 

 cinnabar, with a yellow lip; sej)als and petals lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate; lip 3-lobed, tne midlobe acuminate, reflexed. Peru. 

 B.M. S390. — M. WoUerianum, Kranzl. Resembling M. Buccinator: 

 racemes up to 10-fld.; fls. orange-brown. Peru. 



Heinrich Hasselbring. 

 George V. Nash.j 

 MORMOLYCE (a bugbear or phantom, probably 

 referring to shape of flowers). Orchidaccx. One Mexi- 

 can epiphytic orchid, M. ringens, Fenzl {Trigonidium 

 riiigerts, Lindl.), of the Maxillaria group: rhizome 

 creeping: st. verj- short, with 1 coriaceous rather long 

 If. from a globose pseudobulb: scajie leafless, slender, 

 with 1 medium-sized yellowish green inodorous fl.; 

 sepals spreading; labellum with erect lateral lobes and 

 short middle lobe; column incurved; poUinia 4, ovoid. 



MORNING-GLORY: Ipomcea. 



MORRENIA (Professor Charles Morren, Belgian 

 botimist). Aschpiadacta!. Two pubescent twining 

 shrubs of S. Amer., allied to CjTianchum, but differing 



in its convex 2-lobed 

 stigma (flat or concave 

 in CjTianchum) and the 

 tubular corona, which is 

 longer than the pistils, 

 villose on the inside, and 

 conniving over the pis- 

 tils. A few other species 

 have been added more 

 recently. The Ivs. are 

 opposite and hastate. 

 M. odorata, Lindl., is 

 more or less in cult., 

 and is listed in S. Calif. 

 It has white very fra- 

 grant fls. in dense cymes 

 in the axils; sepals 5, 

 linear; corolla rotate, the 

 lobes wide-spreading and 

 acuminate; corona tubu- 

 lar, .5-lobed. Argentina and Paragu;iy. Has merit for 

 the agreeable vanilla fragrance of its inconspicuous fls. 

 H.U. 5, p. 129. M. brackystephana, Griseb., is a climber 

 from Argentina with ovate, acuminate, hastate or cor- 

 date Ivs., and loose axillary cymes of jnire white star- 

 shaped vanilla-scented fls. j^ j^ y 



MORUS (the ancient Latin name). Moracia'. MuL- 

 BEKKY. Ornamental and fruit-bearing small trees. 



Unarmed, fls. dirpcious or mona>cious, both sexes in 

 small hanging axillary catkins, the males soon falling 

 (l-'igs. 2390, 2391); calyx 4-parted; stamens 4, the fila- 

 ments partially inclosed in the calyx-lobes (Fig. 2392): 

 pistillate fl. with one 2-celle(l ovar>' and 2 stigmas, an<l 

 the 4. calyx-lobes adherent to the ovary (Fig. 2393) 

 becoming flesh}' and cf)hering into a long multiple fr. 

 which suggests a blackberry in external appearance 



2390. Stami- 

 nate catkin of 

 Russian miil- 

 beny. (Natural 

 size) 



2391. Pistil- 

 late catkin of 

 Russian mul- 

 berry. (Xatural 

 size) 



(Fig. 2394): real fr. :in ovate compressed little achcne, 

 covered in the pulpy mass, 1 for every fertile fl. re|)re- 

 .sented in the aggregate fr. — Temperate regions oi the 

 Old !ind New World. About 100 species of Morus have 

 been described, but Bureau, DC. Prodr, 17:237 (1873) 



2392. Stamioate flower of 

 Russian mulberry. 



(Enlarged) 



2393. Pistillate flower of 

 Russian mulberry. 



(Enlarged) 



reduces them to 5; probably 10 or a dozen species 

 rejjresent the genus as now known. Two species are 

 native in the U. S. Some of the names are now referred 

 to other genera. Many of the names represent cultural 

 forms of M. alba. 



Mulberries are grown as food for silkworms and 

 for the edible fruits. The silkworm mulberry of his- 

 tory is M. alba, and the fruit-bearing mulberry of his- 

 tory is M. nigra. Yet, strangely enough, the leading fruit- 

 bearing varieties of North America, are derived from 

 M. alba (see Bailey, Bulletin No. 21, Cornell Experi- 

 ment Station, and "Evolution of Our Native Fruits"). 

 The native iV. rubra ha.s also given varieties which are 

 grown for their fruits. The silkworm mulberry of the 

 Chinese is M. multicaulis, by some considered to be a 

 form of M. alba. This was introduced into North 

 America early in last century, and for a time there was 

 the wildest speculation in the selling and planting of 

 the mulberry tree, and in the rearing of silkworms. 

 These efforts have now largely passed away in North 

 America. M. mullicaulis gave rise to one variety 

 which was jjrizeil for its fruits, the Downing. This 

 variety is now little known, but the name has been pop- 

 ularly but erroneously transferred to a good variety of 

 M. alba (the New American). 



In North America the mulberry is known chiefly as 

 a fruit-bearing tree, although it is never planted 

 extensively and the fruit is scarcely known in the 

 market. Two or three trees about the home grounds are 

 sufficient to supjily a family. The fruits are sweet and 

 soft. To many persons they are too sweet. Because 

 of their sweetness they are of little value for culinary 

 uses. They usually drop when ripe. They are har- 

 vested by being shaken on sheets or straw. Birds are 

 exceedingly fond of them. In the East and North, varie- 

 ties of M. alba are chiefly growii, as the New American 

 (frequently cultivated as Downing), Thorbum and 

 Trowbridge. On the Pacific coast and in some parts 

 of the South, varieties of .1/. nigra are grown, particu- 

 larly the Black Persian. In parts of the South forms 

 of the native M . rubra are grown, as Ilicks and Stubbs. 

 The.se are popular for planting in hog pastures, as the 

 animals like the fruits. The mul- 

 berry thrives in any garden soil. It 

 does well even on thin gravels and 

 rocky slopes. For fruit-bearing pur- 

 poses, trees may be planted from 20 

 to 40 feet apart. 



The Russian mulberries are off- 

 shoots of ,1/. alba. Their particular 

 merits are great hardiness to withstand 

 cold, drought anfl neglect. They are 

 u.seful for low windbreaks and ;ilso for 

 sheared hedges. They have become 

 popuhir on the Plains. They are readily 

 propiigated by seeds, and the result- 

 ing jihmts ;ire variable. Now and then 

 a large-fruited form ai)pears ;tnd it 2394. Fruit of 

 •;..i.v o.' luuned and i)ropagated, but Morus alba, 

 for the most jiart the Ilu.ssian itnilberry i Natural size) 





