1072 



MOSniOSM A 



MUCKLAND-GARDENING 



Bro\m wrilos, "huvo l\ltlioito boon ivforrtvl to Mos- 

 chosnia, Init tlu-v tlilTor oiitiivly from tlial nciiiis in 

 habit, calyx ami corolla, ami in luivins; unisexual 

 flowers, with the soxcs on dilTcrciit plants. 'I'lic small 

 size ami form of the ciyoUa ami the arranticnu-nt ami 

 sjinwii of the stamens is somewhat liki' thai of Mentha," 

 next which he consiilers this p'niis shoulil he placed. 

 Iboza iKafir name of /. ri/xirio) has more than a 

 dozen siH>cies in S. and Trop. Afr.: fls. verj- small, 

 dia>oio\is. the males larjier and beariiiK an abortive 

 ovar\' or style; calyx minute, 15-lobed; corolla very 

 small, with funnelform tube and more or less iniequally 

 4-5-1oIhhI limb; 



stamens in male N ^^^> 



fl. 4, fret^ and ., \ "^'%"5^ ■^<. 



s<M)arate: ovary "~""^^, C^^^^4 



4-lobed: nutlets 

 erect, oblong or 

 ovoid, ilorsally 

 compressed. 



Moras rubra, a native mulberry ( X J 3) 

 uSee page 2071) 



Ibdza rip&ria, N. E. Br., or Moschosma riparium, 

 Hochst. .Stout, 2-5 ft., perennial, the .st, branching 

 and obtusely 4-an(;led: Ivs. broadly ovate, most of 

 them notched at base and otherwise toothed: fis. very 

 numerou.s, in erect ))anicles above the foliage and there- 

 fore conspicuous althouKh small, creamy white with 

 dark anthers. G.C. III. 31 :122; 3.5:.31. Gn. 61, p. 121; 

 fjo, p. 37; 69, p. 69. Gn.W. 20:90. G. 24:30.— An 

 excellent bloomer under gla.ss Dec.-Feb. After bloom- 

 ing, the plants may be cut back and g(Kjd .shoots 

 secured for cuttings for the next winter's bloom. It is 

 handled much like salvias and the species of coleus. 



L. H. B. 



MOSS. A general name for many humble green 

 plants of the crj-ptogamia (so-called flowerless plants), 

 mostly with distinct steins and foliage leaves. In North 

 America there are about 1,000 sjiecics, distributed in 

 various families. They have solitary, or rarely clustered, 

 mostly stalked spore-cases or capsules arising from the 

 apex or side of a leafy stem (Fig. 2402). The capsule is 

 covered with a thin cap or calJ^)tra (c) which is shed at 

 maturity. The capsule opens by means of a lid or 

 ojierculum (o), and the orifice is usually guarded by 

 one or two rows of teeth, or peristome. A fuller discus- 

 sion of the structure ;inil relationshijjs of the mosses 

 will be found in \'olunie 1, on i)age 6. The mosses are 

 not horticultural plants. Sphagnum mo.ss is much 

 used as a packing material and for holding moisture 

 about pots, and as a medium in which to sow delicate 

 seefis, but it is collected from bogs and n(jt grown for 

 the puijKJse. Club-moases are not true mosses but 

 lycopodiums (utte Lycnpodium and Sdriffirudla) . The 

 "moss" on fnjit and other trees is mostly lichen. The 

 Horida or Spanish moss is a flowering i)lant (.see 

 Tillarulma). 



MOSS PINK: f'IM,z rulndtUa. 



MOULDS, MOLD. The term mould is applied to 

 any small fungous growth which appears on decaying 

 organic matter, such as fruits, both fresh and pre- 

 served, vegetalilcs, and so on. The nioul<ls are very 

 sini|ile fungi producing immense numbers of spores, a 

 fact which accounts for their presence everywhere, 

 in the air,- in dust, and on all exposed bodies. As a 

 rule, these fungi are not directly injurious to plants; 

 they are normally saprophytes and ])erfi)rm a great 

 service in disorganizing organic matter which would 

 otherwise accumulate on the earth. ,\ few of the 

 sjiecies may become jiarasitie. Thus, species of Botrytis 

 often attack lettuce in forcing-houses 

 which :u'e too close aiul dani]). Car- 

 nation buds and violet )>lants are also 

 frequently injured by Botrytis. The 

 mould-like growths occurring on 

 bo.ards in damp cellars or in green- 

 house benches are sterile mycelia of 

 higher fungi. These do not attack 

 plants, but sometimes, as in the case 

 of violets, grow over and smother the 

 plants. The so-calknl sooty moulds 

 constitute the small family of the 

 I'erisixiriacea". They receive their 

 name from the fact that they form 

 dark olive-green or black coatings on 

 the twigs and leaves of plants on 

 which they grow. They are not para- 

 sitic but live for the most part on the 

 honey-dew secreted by insects and 

 sometimes on the insects themselves. Apparently littb 

 <lirect damage is caused to plants by these fungi. 

 It has been foimd in laboratory experiments with 

 isolated leaves that those freed from the fungous 

 coating absorb more carbon-dioxide and liberate more 

 oxygen than leaves coated with the fungus. The 

 extent of injury arising from interference with physio- 

 logical processes on account of shading and the pos- 

 sible closing of the stomata under natural conditions 

 has not been generally determined, but it is certain 

 that orange and lemon trees sometimes suffer serious 

 injury, in fruit and foliage, brought about in this way. 

 The sooty moulds are mostly confined to tropical and 

 subtropical regions where they are abundant on many 

 kinds of plants. They occur occasionally in greenhouses 

 on coriaceou.s-leaved coolhouse plants, such as oleander 

 and evonymus, which were forinerly more generally 

 grown. With the advent of present-day heating sys- 

 tems and the introduction of the practice of growing 

 r.apidly shifting crops, these fungi, never of great 

 significance, have practically disappeared from green- 

 houses. The following are among the more common 

 forms of sooty moulds: Dimcrosporium mmigifera, on 

 mango; D. pulchrum, on privet, lonicera and cornus; 

 A/iiDnporium salidnum, common on leaves of woody 

 plants; A. Foolii, on greenhouse plants; Capnodium 

 fiedum, on oleander; C. guajavse on guava and other 

 tropical shrubs and trees; Meliola Peri,zigu causes con- 

 siderable injury to citrus trees in Florida by coating the 

 leaves and fruit. The numerous forms occurring in the 

 tropics have not been fully investigated. See, also. 

 Diseases and Fungi. Heinrich Hasselbring. 



MOUNTAIN-ASH: Sorlms Aucuparia. M.-Ebony: Bauhinia. 

 M.-Laurel: K'limm, particularly A'. Uitifolia. M.-Mahoe: Hibiscus 

 tl'itii.-i. M. -Mahogany: Cercocarpus. M.-Mint: I'l/rnnnthemum. 

 M.-Rose: Aittiijitruin. 



MOURNING BRIDE: Scabiosa. 



MOVING PLANT: Desmxlium o!/rans. 



MUCKLAND-GARDENING. In recent years 

 there has been a large develoi)trient of truck-gardening 

 in swam|)S, bogs and similar areas that have been 

 drained and improved. These areas have deei) black 



