MUSHROOM 



MUSTARD 



2089 



Literalurc. 



Atkinson, Geo. F., "INIushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, 

 etc." 27.5 pp., iU., 19(X), Andrus «t Cluircli, Ithaca, 

 N.Y. Chatin, A.. ••LaTrutTc,"330pp., ill., 1S!)2, Paris. 

 Dufcgar, B. M., "The Principles of Mushrooni-Clrowing 

 and Mushroom Spawn-Making," United States Deptvrt- 

 nient of Agi-iculturc, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bul- 

 letin No. So, tiO pp., 1905. Duggar, B. M., "The Culti- 

 vation of Mushrooms," United States Department of 

 Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin No. 204, 24 pp., 1904. 

 FiU'low, W. G., "Some Edible and Poisonous Fungi," 

 United States Department of Agriculture, Division of 

 ^'egetal1le Plivsiologv and Pathologv, Bulletin No. 15, 

 pp. 45t>-470, in., 1S9S. Hard, M. E.,""Mushrooms, Edi- 

 ble and Otherwise," 009 pp., ill., 190S, Ohio Librarj' 

 Company, Columbus. Marshall, NinaL., "The Mush- 

 room Book," 107 pp., ill., 1901, Doubleday, Page & Co. 

 Peck, C. H., "Mushrooms and Their Uses," 80 pp., 

 1897, Cambridge Botanical Supply Company. Peck, C. 

 II., "Edible and Poisonous Fungi of New York," 

 .\nnual Report of the State Botanist, from 4Sth Report 

 of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 

 pp. 10.5-241, iU., 1895. Peck, C. H., "Edible Fungi of 

 New York," New York State Museum, Memoir 4, pp. 

 132-234, ill., 1900. Some of the figures of the species 

 of mushrooms in the foregoing article are from contri- 

 butions of W. G. Farlow, in "Garden & Forest." 



B. M. DUGGAR. 



MUSINEON (a name for fennel, another plant of 

 this family). Spelled also Musineuin and Muscnium. 

 I 'mbelliferie. Four species of resinous jjerennial herbs 

 in Cent, and W. N. Amer., stemless or brandling, de- 

 cumbent or ascending, 2-12 in. high. Lvs. pinnately 

 decompound: fls. yellow or white, in compound naked 

 umbels: fr. ovate or ovate-oblong, somewhat com- 

 pressed laterally; ribs 5, filiform, slightly prominent, 

 with 2 or 3 oil-tubes in the intervals. 



Hookeri, Nutt. (.1/. trachijspermum, Nutt.). Decum- 

 bent or ascending, scabrous: lvs., except the radical, 

 opposite, bipinnatifid: fls. yellow: fr. .scabrous. Spring. 

 Colo., north. — Procurable from dealers in western 

 native plants. 



MUSK. The common musk plant of the gardens is 

 Miinulus moschaius, an American plant. The wild 

 musk plant of Europe, however, is Ernrlium moschatum. 



MUSK HYACINTH, or GRAPE HYACINTH: Mjiscan mos- 

 chatum. 



MUSK MALLOW: Hibiscus AbelTnoschus and Malva moscliata. 

 The musk seed of commerce is Hibiscus Abelinaschus. 



MUSKMELON: Melon. 



MUSS.^NDA (a native name in Ceylon). Rvbiacex. 

 Warmhouse or greenhouse plants grown for t)ie fiowTjrs 

 and the colored floral bracts or calyx-leaves. 



Erect or chmbing shrubs or undershrubs, sometimes 

 herbs: lvs. opposite or in 3's, with stipules between, 

 sessile or petiolate : fls. in terminal c>anes, yellow, scar- 

 let or white, the corolla tubular and u.sually fimnel- 

 shaped above and the lobes 5; calyx with an oblong or 

 turbinate tube, one of the 5 lobes usually enlarged (in 

 the cult, species) into a white or colored petioled If. 

 which may make the plant worth cult.; .stamens 5, 

 on the corolla-throat or -tube; ovarv' 2-cellcd, the style 

 filiform and the stipma.s 2: fr. a fleshy many-seeded 

 berrj', with an areole at top. — Species jjrobably 40, 

 in the tropics of Afr., Asia and Polj-nesia. The few 

 si)ecies that are sometimes grown are of easy cult.; 

 prop, in spring by cuttings. 



.\. Enlarged calyx-lobe or sepal while. 



frondSsa, Linn. Variable species: low erect shrubs, 

 hirsute or glabrate: lvs. either petioleil or .sessile, oblong 

 to ovate, acuminate; stipules variable, often 2-parted: 



fls. yellow, the corolla pubescent or hirsute; calyx with 

 an orbicular or elliptic white leafy lobe: berry obovoid, 

 glabrous, with broad areole. India. B.M. 2099 (as M. 

 pubcscrns). 



Sanderiana, Ridley. Compact in habit, 5-6 ft., 

 sometimes prostrate: lvs. close-set, nearly sessile, 

 lanceolate, cordate, silky hairy: fls. yellow, small and 

 tubular, in numerous terminal cjTnes; petaloid calyx- 

 lobe white, more than 3 in. long, sUlvy-hairy, very 

 showy. Indo-China. G.C. III. 52:228. 



A.\. Enlarged calyx-lobe or sepal red. 

 erythrophylla, Schum. & Thonn. CUmber or trailer 

 (or apparently sometimes erect), .30-40 ft., the shoots 

 pubescent: lvs. ovate, acuminate, about 6 in. long, with 

 about 10 lateral veins either side the midrib: fls. to 

 l}-2 in. long, in dense pedunculate cymes; calyx-tube 

 very short, the lobes red and hirsute and one of them 

 usually produced into a bright vermilion roundish If. 

 2-4 in. long; corolla-tube cylindrical, red-hairy, the 

 rounded apiculate lobes white or yellowish inside :_fr. 

 nearly or quite 1 in. long, egg-shaped, red-hairy. 

 Trop. Afr. B.M. 8222. G.C. III. 50:91. Gn.W. 4:553. 



M. lulbolu, Delile. Slender erect twiggy shrub, pubescent: Ivs.to 

 2 in. long, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, thin, 

 entire: fls. in S's in few-fid. cymes, long-tubed, yellow: leafy calyx- 

 lobe white or yellowish, ^lin. or less long, oblong or ovate-cordate. 

 Trop. Ah. B.M. 5573. — M. Treidleri, Stapf. Shrub, somewhat 

 pubescent: lvs. ovate to ovate-elliptic, short-acuminate, to 12 in. 

 long, entire: fls. orange, in many-fld. dense terminal clusters: leafy 

 sepal or calyx-lobe white, shape of the lvs. Trop. Himalaya. B.M. 

 S254. L. H. B. 



MtJSSCHIA (named after Jean Henri Mussche, of 

 the botanic garden at Ghent). Cainpanulacese. Two 

 large robust .subshrubs or perenni.al herbs in Madeira, 

 .sometimes grown by amateurs: lvs. radical and cauline, 

 the former large and dentate and the latter few and 

 small : fls. rather large, yellow, or fulvous, in pyramidal 

 jianiclcs; calyx-lobes 5, somewhat foliaceous, colored 

 like the corolla or purple; corolla-tube short, cylindrical, 

 with a .5-lobed spreading or recurved limb; stamens 5, 

 free from the corolla; ovary inferior, 5-celled, many- 

 ovuled, the stigma 5-lobed: caps, opening by numerous 

 transverse lateral slits. 



M. aitrea, Dum. (Campanula aurea, Linn. f.). Herb, stemless or 

 developing a st. a few inches high, with thick and fleshy roots, 

 smooth and shining: lvs. in radical tufts, elliptic or elliptic-oblong or 

 lanceolate, serrate: corolla yellow; calyx deeper yellow. B.R. 57. — 

 M. WuUastoiiii, Lowe. Shrubby, pubescent, the st. simple or some- 

 what branched: lvs. obovate-oblong, thin and flaccid, shanily ser- 

 rate: fls. dull dark brownish green or purple. B.M. 5606. G.W. 2, 

 pp. 362, 363. " L. H. B. 



MUSTARD, species of Brassica (which see), chiefly 

 B. alba, B. nigra, B. juncea and B. japonica. There are 

 two tyjjes of mustard-growing, — for the leaves, which 

 are used as a vegetable; for the seeds, which yield oil 

 and are used a.s a condiment. Table mustard (the 

 flour) is the product mo.stly of B. nigra (Fig. 630, Vol. 

 I), although seeds of B. alba and B. juncea are also used 

 for making it. The mustards often become prolific 

 weeds, particularly in grain-fields; they are now con- 

 trolled by herbicides (see Weeds). In California, B. 

 nigra covers thousands of svcres, thiiving best on heavy 

 adobe soils. When the winter rains come, it grows lus- 

 tily, reaching 16 feet high and more. The bulk of the 

 mustard sold in the United States comes from the 

 county of Santa Barbara, Lompoc being the center of 

 the .sui)ply. 



As a culinary vegetable, mustard is used for "greens" 

 (which sec). For this puniose, the large soft basal 

 leaves are desired. These leaves grow best in early 

 sj)ring, although they do fairly well in autumn. If sown 

 late in the .season, the plant makes few bottom leaves 

 and runs quickly to seed. Perhaps the best of the mus- 

 tards for greens in this country is B. japonica (Fig. 

 634, Vol. I), a species which has long been growTi in this 

 country, but which has no other well-known n;UMe than 

 "mustard." This often seeds it.self and comes up the 



