2148 



NOLIXA 



long: fr. 's'"- long anil bnnvd. S. ^^<'''• Contr U. S. 

 N-it. Horb U1:2a. PuW. Caniegie Inst. No. 99:19. 

 Proo. .VuuT. Phil. Soo. M: 4, 11. 



••", inJ D "K) Hk. 4. Proo. .^iiicr. Phil. Soo. r>Q:b, b. V). 11. n- 

 Th. mosri^oaunful of all this Kroup is .V. lomn/oha. when young 

 » h s crown of dr.xipinK loaves foot or inoro long. ■■™olung to 

 "ho ground Few othor true nolinns possos.^ niuoh boauty, but the 

 CHUU "A-nt spl-cios are odd and rather graceful, and Lower Cali- 

 forn an forn^ Tko X. Biaelovii. Wats,. A". '^•■'''""'"■f"Z^''f^Z 

 (C;r. III. :!t:43l and A'. Parryi, Wats., may succeed in the 

 warmer purls of California. WlLI.IAM TllELEASE. 



NOLTEA (after E. F. Noltc, professor of botany at 

 Kiel ; born 1791). Rhamriaccr. So.-lPiuish. An cver- 

 croon clabroiis shrub from S. Afr., with alternate short- 

 potiole.1 serrate Ivs., small deeidu.ms stipules and 

 with small white polvRanious fls. in teniunal and axil- 

 lar\- panieles: ealv.x eampanulate, .5-lol.etl; peials ■), 

 small; shorter than sepals, cueullate; the 5 stamens 

 opposite the petals: ovary half-inferior, 3-celled; 

 stvle rather short, with slightly ;5-lobed stigma: fr. a 

 caps 3-valved, septicidal with :i erect compressed 

 seeds' The whole plant is saponaceous and the macera- 

 ted foliage is used by the natives in washing, bome- 

 times used as a hedge plant in S. Afr. Cult, occasionally 

 in S Calif., though it litis scarcely any particular orna- 

 mental quality. Prop, is by hardwoo.i or greenwood 

 cuttings and " also by seeds. N. afncana, Reichb. 

 (Ceandlhu.'i africanus, Linn.). Upright shrub with vir- 

 gate branches, to 12 ft.: Ivs. oblong-lanceohite serrate, 

 obtuse, pale green below, 1-2 in. long; stipules sinall 

 roundish, thickish: fls. whitish, J gin. across m short 

 axiUarv- and terminal panicles crowded at the end ol 

 the branches into leafy panicles several inches long: 

 caps, i^^in. across. S. Afr. Sim, Forests and ior. 1-1. 

 Cape of Good Hope, 37. Alfred Rehder. 



NOPALEA (from the Mexican name of the cochineal 

 cactus). Cactarca: A genus of 4 or .5 species, oft^n 

 placed with the opuntia-s, but differing from the latter 

 in having erect petals, and stamens and style exsert 

 beyond the perianth, as well as in some minor details. 

 Natives of Trop. Amer. N. coccmellifera, Sa hn- 

 Dvck (.V. inaperia, Schott). An arborescent, llat- 

 stemmed plant, with a somewhat cylindrical trunk 

 6-10 in. diam., widely grown in semi-tropical coun- 

 tries, but rarely found in the U. S., and th™ only m 

 the largest collections of cacti. It is chiefly mterestmg 

 in being one of the important food-,,hints of the coch - 

 neal insect B.M.2741, 2742 (as Cadtis mchinelhfcr) . 

 N guaUmaUn>,is and N. lulca are 2 recently described 

 epecies from Guatemala which have been intro. into 

 cult. J. N. Rose. 



NORONHIA I'aftcr Ferd. de Noronha, Spanish 

 naturalist and traveler: died 1787). Oleaceg-. One tree 

 or large bu.sh, differing from Olca in having separate 

 petals anrl in other characters. A^. emarmnata, Poir 

 (OUa fmarninala, Lam.), is native in Maxlagascar and 

 other islands, and is planted somewhat m Hawaii. 

 Lvs. opposite, evergreen, short-stalked, coriaceous, 

 cuneate-oblong and more or less retusc, entire: Hs. 

 vellowi-sh, fragrant, in axillary clusters; calyx small, 

 ttoothed or -cut; petals 4, sometimes somewhat 

 coherent at base: fr. an edible drupe, puqile when ripe, 

 globular, about 1 in. diam.; seed usually 1 (ovary 

 2-celled;, in the sweet pulp 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES, Horticulture in. 

 The descriptive article.s on the horticultural resources 

 of the North American contin.mt are comprised in two 

 parts- the .symiwsium on British North America in 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



\'olume I, and the present assembly. These together 

 ilive a comprehensive view, and yet in soine detail, 

 of the present state of development in fruit-growing, 

 vegetable-growing, flower-growing, and related activi- 

 ties in this vast area. Inasinuch as the sta istical 

 information is not comi>arable as between the British 

 and the American jiarts of the continent, ;md as tlie 

 markets and gov.-rnmenlal control are different, as 

 well as for other reasons, it has seemed best to treat 

 the two parts separately, although the reader will want 

 to consult them both to secure his view of the con- 

 tinent as a whole. . ,- , 



The article on Alaska naturally attaches itselt to 

 the present account. It is desirable, also, to present 

 here an account of the horticultural possibilities of the 

 Canal Zone (with its ton-mile strip across the Isthmus 

 of Panama), although that region is not correctly a 

 part of North Ameri.-a; but it belongs with the same 

 governmental administration as the con mental states 

 of the Union, and the trade relations will naturally be 



''T' third group of descriptive articles is found in 

 Volume III under the title ".I^'j^'l Dependencies^ 

 These insular areas are all tropica and therefore have 

 a more or less eomm.m interest. 1 he islands are Porto 

 Rico, page 1689; Hawaii, page l(i92; Guam page 

 1696 Tutuila, page lt;99; Philippines, page 1702 



In percentage of total value of all crops m the United 

 States, the horticultural products reach not more than 

 13 per cent, even counting potatoes and sweet potatoes 

 as within the definition. The census figures for the 

 year 1909 give the percentage of value of vegetables 

 (including potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams, and o her 

 vegetabk-s to be 7.6 per cent of the tf^^l ^^j^^ "^ ;^" 

 crops; of fruits and nuts to be 4 per cent; of flowers and 

 plakts to be .6 per cent; of nursery products o be ^4 

 percent. In average value to the acre m 1909, flowers 

 and iXnts" lead all crops, with $1,911.02; small-frmts 

 Ino'oi to the acre; potatoes, «45^36;,sweet potatoes 

 and yams, $55.25; "other vegetables, fY\ iJ^H 

 may be compared with the acre-value of staple field 

 crops, as cereals $13.93; hay ^^"^ forage SI MO 

 tobacco, $80.55; cotton (including -seed), $25.74, sugar 

 beets $.54.60; sugar-canes, $55.40. , „, ^ 



The territory of the continental United States com- 

 prises practicaUy the whole range of climate^ While 

 none of it is within the tropics, the southern end ot 

 Florida is essentially tropical; the Gulf coast, southern 

 Tex^s southern California and the less elevated 

 regions between are subtropical; and Alaska is partly 

 ^?h°n the arctic. There are long ranges of seacoa^t 

 cUmltes, and vast areas of midcontinental conditions 

 Th"re are regions of unusually heavy rainfall, and 

 others of very deficient precipitation and with desert 

 conditions, -^here are widely f ff--\drainage sys 

 terns, elevations from perpetual snow to .depressions 

 below sea-level, and the widest variations in soils and 

 expolures. These wide ranges of conditions Provide the 

 physical basis for the most diverse horticultural pur- 

 suits The mountain barriers and mam drainage basins 

 T-s well as the seacoasts, are shown in 1 ig. i4»0. ims 

 map may be joined to that of the British possessions, 



^'^Thf 1;r:s"enTsySLum on the horticulture of the 

 United States takes the form of an account by states, 

 and these states are assembled in groups to represent 



geographical regions, as fofl?ws : Hamo- 



Ncu' Enqland Slates.— Mame, page 2152, New Hanip 



shi>e .age 2154; Vermont, page 2157; Massachusetts, 



Sgc' ^159; Rhode Island, page 2162; Connecticut, 



""'^SltAaanHc .S^ilc.-New York, page 2167; New 

 Jersey page 2170; Pennsylvania, page 21/.i. 



S N^th Central Nta(e«.-Uhio page 2176; Indiana 

 page 2179; Illinois, page 2182; Michigan, page 2184, 

 Wisconsin, page 2187. 



