2i:)4 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



Sl;>tion is a stixmjj factor in tlio line of liortiouitural 

 l>ivjjr»'ss in tlio stale, es|H'eially in plant-hiveclinfi. witli 

 svioh oroivs as (xMatoes, corn, oats, beans and fruits; 

 plant i>atholo(i\', rentlcrintj great aid in idcntifyinj; 

 pl.'int diseases and !;'\''"K liirections for their control; 

 ontoniolog,v, \vlieR» expert advice is fjiven, by means of 

 bulletins on insect pests of the fjvrm, garden anil 

 orch:ini. 



About fiftwn of the secondary schools in the state 

 are otTering coui-ses in horticulture. 



The State Departtncnt of Agriculture at Augusta, has 

 chtirge of all the nui-sery inspection work of the state 

 and also hoUls orchard demonstrations. 



The Extension Department of the University was 

 orpjuiized in 1007, and work is nt)W being carried on in 

 nine out of the sixteen counties. Farmers' institutes 

 are also held by the Deiiartment of Agricultiu-c. 



The Maine State I'omological Society was organized 

 in 1S73 and has had a gri'at inthience on the horticulture 

 of the slate. There arc nine local fruit-giowers' asso- 

 ciations which are doing good work for better fruit for 

 Maine. The Maine Se<'d Improvement A.s.sociation was 

 organizetl in 19U). Ilie Ciardeners' Union of Lewiston 

 and -Vuburn was organized in 1014 to promote horti- 

 cultural interests. The Maine State Florists' Society 

 was organized in March, 191.5. The leading establish- 

 ments in the state are located at Portland, Bar Harbor, 

 Lewiston, Augusta, Bath, Bangor, Biddefonl, Water- 

 ville, Freeport, Yarmouth, and Houlton. 



Stalistics {Thirleertlh Census). 



The approximate Land area in 1909 was 19,132,800 

 acres. The land in fanns was t),296,8.59 acres or 32.0 per 

 cent of the land area. The improved acreage in famis in 

 1909 was 2,300,t).")7; the woodland in fanns, 2,775,1)21; 

 and other unimjiroved land in farms, 1,1(>0,.')81. The 

 total number of fanns in 1010 was (50,0HJ, the average 

 acreage a fann being 101.0. [The total area of Maine 

 is 33,040 sijuare milc^s.] 



The leading agricultural crops are hay and forage, 

 forest products of the farms, and cereals. In 1009 hay 

 and forage oecu|)icd 1,2.")."),011 acres, or .53.2 per cent 

 of the improved land area. The value of the products 

 in 1909 was .?1.5,11.5,821, which was 38.4 per cent of the 

 total value of all crops. The value of the forest products 

 of the farms in 1909 w;us .f.5,573,763, as compared with 

 82,6,52,2.52, their value in 1899. Cereals occupied 159,- 

 616 acres in 1909, the value of the production being 

 $:{, 100,902. 



Horticulturiil products grown are tree-fruits and nuts, 

 small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables, and flower 

 and nurserj- products. The value of the fniits and 

 nuts in 1009 wa-s S2,215,116, as compared with 

 $841,811 in 1899, an incrc;i.se of lfi3.1 per cent. Small- 

 fruits decreased in acreage from 1,585 in 1809 to 1,260 

 in 1909, when the value of the |)roducts was $233,124. 

 The total acreage of vegetables, including potatoes, 

 was 161,087, and their value $12,377,717. This was a 

 marked increa.se over the acreage in 1890 when it was 

 91,777. The acreage of flowers and [jlants and nur.sei-y 

 products decrea.scd from 178 in 1899 to UiO in 1909, 

 when the value of the i)roiluction was $324,240. 



The total quantity of orchard fruits |)roilucefl in 1909 

 was 3,694,251 bushels, valued at .$2,207,748. This was 

 a marked increa.se over 1800, when the value of orchartl 

 fruits was $8.34,(K)0. In 1900 appk's contributed over 

 98 r>er cent of the total quantity; jjcars and jilums and 

 prunes most of the remamdcr. The number of bi ariiig 

 apple trees in 1910 was 3,476,616; those not (jf bearing 

 age 1,045,123. The prtxluction in 1000 was 3,63f),181 

 bu.shels of apples, valued at $2,121,816. The number of 

 fx-ar tr«^M of bearing age in 1010 was 46,683; those not 

 of bearing age, 13,013. The prwluction in 1009 was 

 38,9f>4 bushels, valued at .$43,524. The plum and 

 pninf. treffs of bearing age in 1010 numbered 43,.576; 

 those not of bearing age, 22,401. The prtKluction in 



1009 was 14,637 bushels, valued at, $31,954. The more 

 important of the other orchard fruits were 2,403 bushels 

 of cherries, valued at $7,164; 2,014 bushels of peaches 

 and nectarines, valued at $ii,'205; and small ((uantities 

 of apricots anil quinci's, valued at less than .$100. 



The production of grapes is relatively unimportant 

 in Maine. The total i)roduction in lOtJO was 231, .520 

 poimds, valued at. .$(i,954. The vines of beai'ing age in 



1010 numbered 9,731; and those not of bearing age 

 1,944. 



Few nuts are grown in Maine. The total production 

 of nuts in 1000 was 12,022 i)ounds, valued at .$414. 

 The value of the different mils were as follows: butter- 

 nuts, $1,52; chestnuts, $100; oil-nuts, .$60; and black 

 walmils, $50. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 .small-fruits grown in Maine, with raspberries and logan- 

 berries second in importance, closely followed by black- 

 berries and dewberries. The acreage of strawberries 

 increased from 512 in 1899 to 60S in 1900, when the 

 production was 1,626,2.50 quarts, valued at $168,847. 

 The acreage of raspberries and loganberries decreased 

 from 131 in 1809 to 127 in 1009, when the production 

 was 154,121 quarts, valued at $20,657. The acreage of 

 blackberries anil dewberries increased from 123 acres in 

 1899 to 145 in 1909, when the production was 153,816 

 quarts, valued at .$15,031. The production of cran- 

 berries in 1009 was 100,192 quarts, valued at $7,9,57; 

 that of currants, 76,031 quarts, valued at $6,086; and 

 that of gooseberries, 65,867 quarts, valued at $5,881. 



The potatoes are by far the most important of the 

 vegetables. The acreage increased from 71,765 in 1899 

 to 135,709 in 1909, an increased acreage of 89.2 per 

 cent. The jiroduction in 1900 was 28,556,837 bushels, 

 valued at $10,'224,714, which was 26 per cent of the 

 total value of all crops. Other vegetables increased in 

 acreage from 20,012 in 1800 to 25,288 in 1009, when the 

 value of the products was $2,153,003. The more im- 

 portant of these vegetables were : 8,693 acres of sweet 

 corn, valued at $272,614; 353 acres of cabbage, valued 

 at $71,434; 472 acres of turnips, valued at $42,585; 257 

 acres of green peas, valued at .$29,747; 201 acres of 

 squash valued at $2'2,460; 60 acres of tomatoes, valued 

 at $9,728; and .31 acres of cucumbers, valued at $8,185. 

 Other vegetables grown were green beans, beets, 

 carrots, cauliflower, celery, lettuce, onions, radi-shes. 



The acreage devoted to the growing of flowers and 

 plants increased from 71 in 1890 to 112__in 1909. The 

 total area under glass at this time was 706,917 .square 

 feet, of which 624,472 were covered by greenhouses, 

 and 82,445 by sashes and frames. The total value of 

 the flowers and plants produced in 1909 was $301,005. 



The acreage of nursery products, on the other hand, 

 decreased from 107 in 1899 to 57 in 1909, a decrease of 

 46.7 per cent. The value of the nursery products in 

 1009 was .$23,244, as compared with $46,'207 in 1899. 



E. F. IIlTf'HINGS. 



New Hampshire. 



The soil of New Hampshire (Fig. 2488) is very varia- 

 ble. In fact there are practically no large continuous 

 areas of any single type, and nearly every farm has 

 several .soil-types on it. In the main the soils are of 

 granitic origin, being the result of glacial action to- 

 gether with a [jartial reworking of the glacial depo.sits 

 by rivi'rs and streams. Within narrow limits can be 

 found all gradations of soil from sand to pure boulder 

 clay, and they mostly carry a relatively high percentage 

 of |)otasli. In only a few sec'tions of the state is any 

 limestone soil found and the areas are rather limited. 

 The soils of the valleys, coastal plains, and rounded 

 hills are relatively fertile, but the highlands are rough, 

 rocky, and mountainous and become more rugged as 

 they extend northward imtil the White Mountains are 

 reached. Roughly speaking, there is a high ridge, 



