•J 170 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



having long since passed when all could be represented 

 in one organization. The first of those societies was the 

 New York Horticultural Society, founilc<l in \cw Yorlv 

 City hi ISIS, long sfncc extinct, jiroliahlv the first 

 organization of the kind in North .Vnierica. In 1S29 

 the .Vlhany Horticultural Society was organized, hut 

 Wiis short-lived. Februarj- 27, ISoo, the Western New 

 York Horticultural Society, now the oldest such 

 societv in the state, was organizc'd, with headquarters 

 at Kochester. Februan- 27, 2S, 19U), the New ^■ol■k 

 State Frnit-Orowers' As.sociation was organized at 

 Syracuse. The two societies named last ha\c larger 

 membership lists than any similar organization in 

 North America. The nurserymen of the state have long 

 hail a trade organization, anil the vegetable-growers 

 are repre.sented by the New York State Vegetable- 

 Growers' .\ssociation, foiuided in lOl.'i. 



The State Department of .\griculture, at Albany, 

 provides insiiection service to control insects, diseases, 

 fruit-grading, and fertilizers. 



SlatUlics (Thirltcnth Census). 



The approximate land area in 1910 was 30,49S,.'J6O 

 acres. The amount of this area that w-tis in farm land 

 in 1910 was 22,03(),:{t37 acres. Of this land in farms, 

 14,844,039 acres were impnjveil; 4,43(5,145 were wood- 

 land; and the unim|)roved land in farms numbered 

 2,750,183 acres. The mnnber of all the farms in 

 1910 W!is 215, .597, and the average acreage a farm 

 was 102.2. [The total area of New Y'ork is 49,204 

 square miles]. 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, and forest products. In 1909, the acreage of 

 cereals was 2,t'>02, ttil, as comi)arcd with 3,125,077 in 

 1S99, and the value of the cereals in 19(39 wiis $43,099,- 

 988. Hav and forage decreased in acreage from 5,154,- 

 965, in 1899, to 5,043,373 in 1909, a decrease of 2.2 

 per cent. The value of hay and forage in 1909 Wius 

 S77,3fjO,(>45. The value of the forest pnxlucts of the 

 fanns in 1909 w;us .S10,3()5,()51, as compared with 

 S7,G71,108 in 1899, .showing an increase in value of 

 35 per cent. 



Horticultural crops grown in New Y'ork are fruits 

 and niits, potatoes and other vegetables, small-fruits, 

 flowers and plants, and nursery products. The value of 

 the fruits and nuts in 1909 was $22,024,99(), as com- 

 pared with §13,377,105 in 1899, showing an increase in 

 value of (>4.6 per cent. The acreage of potatoes in 1909 

 was 394,319, as compared with 395,640 in 1899, and 

 the value of the potatoes jjroduced in 1909 was 

 820,338,766. Excluding potatoes, the acreage of other 

 vegetables increased from 144,318, in 1899, to 175,402 

 in 19(J9, an increa.se of 21.5 per cent, and their value in 

 1909 was $15,963,384. The acreage of small-fruits in 

 1909 was 22,496, as compared with 25,051 in 1899, a 

 decrease of 10.2 per cent, and their value in 1909 w:is 

 $2,875,495. Flowers and plants and luir.sery products 

 increased in acreage from 9,734, in 1899, to 11,659 in 

 1(K)9, an increase of 19.8 per cent, and their value wiis 

 87,899,906. 



The total quantity of orchard-fruits produced in 

 190(3 was 29,4.56,291 bushels, valued at 817,988,894. 

 Apples contributed about six-sevenths of this quantity, 

 there being produced in 1909, 25,409,324 bushels, 

 valuefl at 813,343,028. The number fif apple trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 11,248,203; those not of 

 bearing age numbered 2,828,515. Peach and n(?ctarine 

 trees of bearirfj; age in 1910 numbered 2,4.57,187; those 

 not of bearing age, 2,216,907, and the production in 

 19(J9 was 1,736,483 Vju.shels, valu(-d at 82,01 4,(JSS. 

 Pear trees of bearing age in 1910 numbered 2,141 ,.59(); 

 those not of bearing age, 1,. 502, 661, and the produc- 

 tion in UJ09 was 1 ,343,089 bu-shels, valued at 81,418,218. 

 (3ther orchard-fruits produced in 1909 were: 553,522 

 bu.shels of fjlurns and prunes, valued at 8519,192; 

 271,597 bushels of cherries, valued at $544,508; 132,451 



bushels of quinces, vahicd at $135,345; and 9,805 

 bushels of ai;ricots, valucil at $14,490. 



The total pioducliim of nuts in 1909 was 2,773,858 

 IMiunds, valued at $74,420. The more important produc- 

 tions of the various nuts were 286,227 iiouiids of chest- 

 nuts, valued at .$23,.'i89; 1,519,279 pounds of butter- 

 nuts, vahicd at $21 ,631 ; 487,768 pounds of hickorv-nuts, 

 vahied at $16,742; 465,918 pounds of black walnuts, 

 valued at $11,485; and 9,;546 pounds of Persian or 

 English walnuts, valued at $858. 



The number of grape-vines of bearing age in 1910 

 was 31,802,097; those not of bearing age, 3,801,800. 

 The production of grapes in 1909 was 253,006,361 

 jiounils, valued at $3,961,677, thus forming an impor- 

 tant industry. 



Of the small-fruits gro\\^l in New York, strawberries, 

 raspberries and loganberries are the most important, 

 with currants ranking next. The acreage of strawber- 

 ries decreased from 7,311, in 1899, to 6,382 in 1909, 

 when the production was 15,945,863 quarts, valued at 

 $1,187,410. Raspberries and loganberries decreased 

 in acreage from 12,376, in 1899, to 11,057 in 1909, when 

 the production was 14,751,940 quarts, valued at 

 $1,168,062. Currants decreased in acreage from 

 2,594, in 1899, to 2,557 in 1909, when the production 

 was 3,982,389 quarts, valued at $264,051. The pro- 

 duction of other small-fruits in 1909 was 2,509,851 

 quarts of blackberries and dewberries, valued at 

 .$210,986; .331,135 quarts of gooseberries, valued at 

 $23,427; and 327,370 quarts of cranberries, valued 

 at $20,743. 



The value of vegetables, produced in 1909, excluding 

 the potato, was $15,963,384, not exceeded by any other 

 state in the United States in value of vegetable prod- 

 ucts. The leading vegetables grown in 1909 were: 

 35,269 acres of cabbage, valued at $2,335,999; 2,926 

 acres of celery, valued at $946,424; 23,739 acres of 

 sweet com, valued at .$942,023; 5,558 acres of onions, 

 valued at $954,610; 16,992 acres of green peas, valued 

 at $815,2.56; 8,636 acres of tomatoes, valued at 

 $775,803. Other important vegetables grown in 1909 

 were asparagus, green beans, beets, carrots, cauliflower, 

 lettuce and turnips, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, pars- 

 nips, horse-radish, cucumbers, cantaloupes, and 

 muskmelons. 



New Y'ork ranks first among the states in the pro- 

 duction of flowers and plants. The acreage devoted to 

 this industry increased from 1,496, in 1899, to 2,979 

 in 1909. The area under glass in 1909 was 15,066,587 

 square feet, of which 13,876,857 were covered by green- 

 houses and 1,189,730 were covered by sashes and frames. 

 The value of the flowers and plants produced in 1909 

 was $5,148,949, as compared with $2,867,673 in 1899. 



New York akso ranks first in the value of nursery 

 j)roducts produced. The acreage devoted to this 

 industry increased from 8,238, in 1899, to 8,680 in 1909. 

 The value of the nursery products in 1909 was $2,750,- 

 957, as compared with $1,642,107 in 1899. 



U. P. Hedrick. 

 New Jersey. 



Considering its area, New Jersey (Fig. 2494) is 

 wonderfully favorerl in its range of soil and climatic 

 conditions. In the northern part, the land is rolling and 

 hilly, with areas rich in lime and mineral plant-food, and 

 with climatic conditions suitable for such ajjiiles as the 

 BaUlwin and (ireening. South of this hilly area is a 

 plains region crossing the counties of Somerset and 

 Hunterdon, where varieties requiring a little longer 

 season should be grown. The .southern half of the state 

 has soil types varying from clay loams to the lightest 

 sand, offering ideal conditions for the growing of all 

 crops from the sweet potato to celery, corn antl grass, 

 an(l from the cranberry to the peach. The southern 

 countii^s have conditions ri^sembling those of the Dela- 

 ware and Maryland peninsula and early truck crops can 



