2l7li NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



duction \V!is Viiluoil at S l.'>,(V23,r)7;5, wliich was 27.4 per 

 cvnt of tlie total value of all crops. Tobacco increased 

 in acroiijje from 27, TOO in 1SS)9 to 41,742 in 19()i), when 

 the proihiction was vnlvied at $;!,92t),lU). The value of 

 the forest proilucts of the farms was $7,986,099 in 1909, 

 !is compared with S().4S1,1S1 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops raised in Pennsylvania are fruits 

 and nvits, small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables 

 and flowers and plants and nursery products. The 

 value of the fruits and luits ])roduced in 1909 was 

 $9,619,156, as compared with S8,707,lol in 1899. 

 8mall-fruits decrciusod in acreafje from 12,271 in 1899 

 to 8,678 in 1909, when the prcnluction was 13,620,047 

 quarts, valued at §1,175,016, The total acreage of 

 potatoes anil other vegetables in 1909 was 357,430 

 acres and their value S22,092,197, Excluding potatoes, 

 the acreage of the other vegetables increased from 

 79,126 in 1899 to 94,111 in 1909, when the production 

 w;is valued at §10,013,920. The acreage devoted to the 

 production of flowers and plants and nursery products 

 mcreascd from 4,274 in 1899 to 4,860 in 1909, when the 

 jiroduction wa.s valued at •$4,725,987, 



The production of all orchard-fruits in 1909 was 

 13,285,953 bushels, valued at .S8,677,9S6, The pro- 

 duction of ai)ples, the most important of the orchard- 

 fruits, was, in 1909, 1 1,048,430 bushels, valued at $5,557,- 

 616. The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 

 was 8,000,4.5(); those not of bearing .age, 2, .501, 185. 

 The number of peach and nectarine trees of bearing age, 

 in 1910 was 2,383,027; those not of bearing age, 

 2,179,386. The production in 1909 was 1,023,-570 

 bushels, valued at $1,351,175. The other orchard- 

 fruits produced were 378,825 bushels of pears, valued at 

 $356,240; 295,1.58 bushels of plums and prunes, valued 

 at S396,005; 475,093 bushels of cherries, valued at 

 $909,975; 62,3.50 bushels of quinces, valvied at $102,431; 

 and 2,.502 bushels of apricots, valued at .$4,497. 



The production of grapes in 1909 w:is 34,020,198 

 pounds, valued at $850,708. The grape-vines of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 5,271,264; those not of bearing 

 age, 8,252,811. 



The total production of nuts in 1909 was 3,795,804 

 pcunds, valued at .$90,447. The individual produc- 

 tion of the various nuts was: 2,162,471 pounds of black 

 walnuts, valued at $39,306; 593,200 pounds of hickory- 

 nuts, valued at $25,348; 233,834 pounds of chest- 

 nuts, valued at $15,185; 782,415 pounds of butternuts, 

 valued at $9,408; 14,885 pounds of pecans, valued at 

 $.532; and 4,.523 pounds of Persian or English walnuts, 

 valued at $516. 



Strawberries are the most important of the small- 

 fruits grown in Pennsylvania, with raspberries and 

 loganberries second in importance. The acreage of 

 strawberries decrea-sed from 5,667 in 1899 to 4,136 in 

 1909, when the production was 9,033,904 quarts, valued 

 at $7.59,1.54. Raspberries and loganberries decrea,sed 

 in acreage from 3,938 in 1899 to2,.594 in 1909, when the 

 production was 2,906,302 quarts, valued at $272,337. 

 Blackberries and dewberries decrea.sed in acreage from 

 1,383 in 1899 to 1,235 in 1909, when the production 

 was 1,063,257 quarts, valued at $91,007. Other small- 

 fruits produced were: 493,871 quarts of currants, 

 valued at $42,181; 109,104 quarts of gooseberries, 

 valued at $9,047; and 5,728 quarts of cranberries, 

 valued at $503. 



The acreage of potatoes in Pennsylvania increased 

 from 227,867 in 1899 to 262,013 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 21,740,611 bu.shels, valueil at $11,973,843. 

 The more important of the other vcg(>tables produced 

 in 1909 were: 11,764 acres of sweet com, valued at 

 $.507,736; 5,679 acres of cabbage, valued at $502,969; 

 4,204 acres of tomatoe.s, valued at .$412,519; 1,09() 

 acres of celery, valued at $2.54,693; 1,191 acres of 

 a'jparagu.s, valued at $174,965; .551 acres of onion.s, 

 valued at $107,307; and 1,7.52 acres of tumii)s, valued 

 at $8ti,079. Vegetables the production of which was 



valued between $10,0(H) and $50,000 were green beans, 

 beets, cantaloupes and muskmelons, carrots, cucumbers, 

 horse-radish, lettuce, green peas, radi.shcs, rhubarb, 

 si)inach, and watermelons. Vegetable products, the 

 [iroduction of which was valued at less than $10,000, 

 were cauliflower, pop-corn, eggjilant, kale, parsley, 

 jiarsnips, green peppers, pumpkins, rutabagas and 

 squash. 



Flowers and plants increased in acreage from 1,073 

 in 1S99 to 2,032 in 1909. The area under glass in 1909 

 was 13,846,672 square feet, of which 12,887,672 were 

 covered by greenhouses, and 959,000 by sashes and 

 frames. The value of the flowers and plants produced 

 in 1909 was $3,803,418, as compared with $2,246,075 

 in 1899. 



The acreage devoted to nursery products decreased 

 from 3,201 in 1899 to 2,828 in 1909, when the value 

 of the nursery products produced was $922,569, as 

 compared with $541,032 in 1899. The production of 

 flower and vegetable seeds was valued at $36,316 in 

 1909, as compared with $104,229 in 1899. 



John P. Stewart. 



EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES. 

 Ohio. 



Ohio (Tig. 2496) is essentiaUy an agricultural state. 

 This is not because the soil and climate are not adapted 

 to the production of horticultural products, but rather 

 for the reason that in early days the markets for fruit 

 and vegetables were limited, ^^'ith the growth of cities 

 and the opening of markets in other states and coun- 

 tries, there has been a steady increase in the produc- 

 tion of most kinds of horticultural products which 

 are adapted to the climate. 



The climate is well suited to fruit-culture except in 

 an occasional season. Even in such cases, losses by 

 extreme cold may usually be avoided by proper selec- 

 tion of site. There are only limited areas where the 

 soils are un,adapted either to fruits or vegetables. 

 There are many soils which are found to be well 

 adapted to specialized crop-production. The annual 

 rainfall is about 38 inches and crop failures because 

 of severe drought seldom occur. 



The influence of Lake Erie, on the north, is very 

 raarketl ujion fruit-culture in general. In that region, 

 peach buds are seldom killed in winter, while both 

 early and late frosts seldom harm early blossoms or 

 late-ripening fruits. Fruit-production for this reason 

 has been greatly stimulated in that region. Convenience 

 to markets has been a potent factor also. The soil in 

 the lake region varies from a sandy to heavy clay, thus 

 making it po.ssible to grow all of the fruits which thrive 

 within the state. More back-to-the-land fruit-growers 

 are found in thus region than in any other part of the 

 state. The larger number, however, are men of con- 

 siderable practical experience, most of whom are suc- 

 cessful along .special lines of fruit-culture. 



The hill lands in the southern and eastern parts of 

 the state constitute another distinct division suitable 

 for most kinds of fruits. The special virtue of these 

 lands is that they give high color, good flavor and 

 excellent keeping quality to apples, peaches and pears. 

 This is particularly true of the greatest elevations. 

 Comparative freedom from frost is another virtue of 

 the hill Lands. In many cases, however, the soil on the 

 hills is much worn and lacking in humus. The success 

 of the Experiment Station in the use of commercial 

 fertilizer on a[)ple orchards in this region has stimu- 

 lated ajiple-growers to practise better methods. Many 

 orchards have been brought back from low crop-pro- 

 du(^tion to a very satisfactory condition of fruitfulness. 

 Th(! restoration of humus has not kept pace with fer- 

 tilizing, but without doubt this important feature of 

 orchard rejuvenation will not be neglected much longer. 



