217S NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



ing olosoly what is tenueil the "wheat beh." Hamilton 

 pn>hu-es iiion- early potatoes than any other county. 



CVler*- and onions are frrown largely on nnieklamls in 

 Harvhn, llurv>n, Meihfia, Wayne, Cuyahoga, Stark and 

 Ashtabula counties. It has been found possible to svib- 

 irrigatc some of tliese muck farms, making crop pro- 

 duction more sure. 



Tomatoes arc growii in various parts of the state, in 

 large quantities for canning factories. In the sonth- 

 eastern part of the state, near Marietta, several hun- 

 dretl acres are devoted to growing early tomatoes. 

 Staking tlic plants is the universal practice, as it is 

 conducive to early maturity. 



EarK' cabbage is grown in tlie same locality and at 

 various other points along the Ohio River. Late cab- 

 bage, for krout, is an important crop in Sandusky and 

 Seneca counties. 



Several thousand acres, in various parts of the state, 

 are devoted to cucumbers for pickling establishments. 

 Canneries use sweet corn, tomatoes and pea-s almost 

 exclusively, except peaches in the [)each-bclt. 



\egetable-culture imder glass has assumed veiy large 

 l>roportions at .Vshtabula, Cleveland, Columbus, 

 Newark and Toledo, but ^•egetable liou.ses of consider- 

 able size are found in all parts of the state. Grand 

 ItaiJids lettuce, tomatoes and cucmnbers are the prin- 

 cipal crops grown. 



There are about 300 acres untler glass within the 

 state devoted to vegetable-culture, with an invest- 

 ment of $6,000,000. One house in Toledo covering 10 

 acres, is said to be the largest in the world devoted to 

 vegetable-culture. \'eget able-forcing about Cincinnati 

 ha-s been conducted mosth' in hotbeds and coldframes, 

 but greenhouses are now taking the place of beds. 

 The greatest development of this industry is at Ashta- 

 bula, Toledo, Cleveland, Columbus, Newark, and Bar- 

 berton. Small houses are also found in many towns. 

 The usual custom is to change the soil in vegetable 

 houses at frequent intervals. Soil-sterilization by 

 steaming is practised, and manure or some fresh com- 

 post added each year. It h:is been found that mulcliing 

 the soil with coarse manures a.s soon as the spring 

 crops are off, and watering frequently, an.swers essen- 

 tially the same purpose as .sterilization. Beds have been 

 kept in good condition eight years by this method. 



Floral establishments are found in nearly every city 

 and town. The larger number of the.se are for cut- 

 flowers but a few do a mail order business and others 

 grow i)ot and bediling plants. 



The nurserj- business is very large and supplies more 

 trees than are needed within the state, possibly apple 

 trees excepted. A large increase in ornamental stock 

 is reported, and there is evident improvement in 

 methods of planting liome grounds. 



Among tho.se influential in the early development of 

 Ohio horticulture are: .1. P. Kirtland (Volume III, page 

 loH2); J. A. Warder (page 1602), with whom were 

 closely a.s.sociated Xichola-s Longworth (page 1.58.'j), 

 A. H. Em.st (page 1574), S. S. .lackson and A. H. 

 Hoopes; George W. (Jampbcll (page l.'J6<S); M. B. 

 Bateham; F. K. Elliott (page 1.574); Nelson ('ox, who 

 demonstrated the feasibility of apple-culture on the 

 hill lands of the state; A. W. Livingston, who greatly 

 improved the tomato and N. Ohmer. 



Pvhlic-service agencies for horliculture. 



The College of Agriculture of Ohio is located at 

 Columbu.'i. There are six teaching members of the 

 horticultural staff. 



The Experiment Station is at Wooster. Mucli 

 exjK;rirnfcntal work is in progress at three branch sta^ 

 tions, or test farms, belonging to the station, and six 

 county farms under station r'ontrol. 



The Bureau of Nurser\' and t)rchard Inspection at 

 Columbu.s ha-s charge of the inspection work. 



The first horticultural organization wa-s the Ohio 



Pomological Society in 1847. The name was afterward 

 changed to the Ohio State Horticultural Society. 



Slalistics (Thirteenth Census). 



The ai)|)roximate land area of Ohio in 1910 was 26,- 

 073,600 acres. The land in farms was 92.. 5 per cent of 

 the land area, or 2 1, 10r),70S acres. ( )f this land in fanns, 

 the improved farm land nvanbered 19,227,969 acres; the 

 woodland 3,2S,'),376 acres; and other unimproved land 

 in farms l,.')92,:i63 acres. The total number of farms 

 in 1910 was 272,04.'), and the average acreage SS.6 acres. 

 [The total area of the state is 41,040 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops of Ohio are cereals, 

 hay ami forage, tobacco, and forest products of farms. 

 The acreage devoted to cereals decreased from 8,214,9()0 

 in 1S99 to 7,649,873 in 1909, when the production was 

 valued at .'5137,907,934, which was 59.9 per cent of 

 the total value of all crops of the state. The acreage 

 of hay and forage was 3,015,261 in 1899 and 3,306,461 

 in 1909, when the production was valued at $42,357,364. 

 Tobacco increa.sed in acreage from 71,422 in 1899 to 

 106,477 in 1909, when the product was valued at $8,998,- 

 887. Forest products of farms in 1909 were valued at 

 $5,761,941, as compared with $5,625,897 in 1899. 



Horticultural crops produced in Ohio are fruits and 

 nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and vegetables, and flowers, 

 plants, and nurisery products. In 1909 the value of the 

 fruits and nuts produced was $6,561,861, as compared 

 with .$7,138,734 in 1899. Small-fruits decreased in 

 acreage from 21,121 in 1899 to 11,.591 in 1909, when the 

 production was 15,721,023 quarts, valued at $1,296,343. 

 In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and other vege- 

 tables was 337,412, and their value $20,875,927. 

 Excluding potatoes, the acreage of the other vege- 

 tables increased from 103,346 in 1899 to 123,461 in 

 1909, when the production was valued at $11,-393,791. 

 The raising of flowers and plants and nursery products 

 is of considerable importance, the acreage having 

 increased from 5,384 in 1899 to 5,788 in 1909, when 

 the production w;i.s valued at $3,24.5,18L 



The total production of orchard-fruits produced in 



1909 was 6,711,208 bushels, valued at $5,691, .530. 

 Apples contributed about two-thirds of tliis quantity, 

 and peaches and nectarines most of the remainder. 

 The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 

 8,504,886; those not of bearing age 2,438,436. The 

 production in 1909 was 4,663,7.52 bu.shels, valued at 

 $2,970,851. The number of peach and nectarine trees 

 of bearing age in 1910 was 3, 133, .368; those not of bear- 

 ing age, 2,092,300. The production in 1909 was 1,036,- 

 340 bushels, valued at $1,349,311. The production of 

 other orchard-fruits was: pears, 374,871 bushels, valued 

 at $332,727; cherries, 338,644 bushels, valued at 

 $657,406; 215,657 bushels of plums and prunes, valued 

 at $278,505; 81,101 bushels of quinces, valued at $101,- 

 369; and 835 bushels of ai)ricots, valued at $1,343. 



The production of grapes in 1909 wiis 43,933,207 

 pounds, valued at $858, .594. The vines of bearing age in 



1910 numbered 8,326,800; not of bearing .age, 4.55,7,50. 

 The production of nuts in 1909 was 559,093 pounds, 



valued at $11,691. This production consisted of 

 354,135 pounds of black walnuts, valued at $4,645; 

 135,626 pounds of hickory-nuts, valued at $3,856; 

 36,091 pounds of chestnuts, valued at $2,584; 29,100 

 pounds of butternuts, valued at .$360; 2,461 pounds of 

 Persi.an or English walnuts, valued at .$154; and 1,010 

 pounds of pecans, valued at $70. 



Strawberries are by far the most important of the 

 small-fruits, with raspberries and loganberries, and 

 blackberries and dewberries .second and third respec- 

 tively. The acreage of strawberries decre:ised from 

 9,373 in 1899 to 4,706 in 1909, when the production 

 W!is 8, .501 ,065 quarts, valued at $677,767. Raspberries 

 and loganberries decrea.sed in acreage from 6,795 in 

 1809 to 3,809 in 1909, when the production was 

 4,029,480 quarts, valued at $364,272. The acreage of 



