NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 2183 



from bromi-rot, peach-scab, peach leaf-curl, and. other 

 diseases. With the demonstration that these diseases 

 could be completely' controlled by persistent applica^ 

 tion of perfected methods of sjiraying, return to plant- 

 ing began and has extended until the area in new peach 

 orchards equals, if it docs not exceed, the area newly 

 planted with apples. Elberta is the variety most in 

 favor for commercial planting. 



According to the Census Reports for 1910, Ulinois 

 ranks third among the states in value of flowers and 

 ornamental plants ])roduced, and second in value of 

 flower and vegetable .seeds. The largest commercial 

 establishment in the United States for the production 

 of cut-flowers is that of Pullman Brothers of Morton 

 Grove (.having a total of 45 acres under glass). Chicago 

 has been for years the second largest market in the 

 United States for cut-flowers. The business has grown 

 considerably of late, although exact figures are not 

 obtainable. An interesting fact in this connection is 

 that the Chicago market is supplied ahnost entirely 

 by Illinois establishments, while the demand in New 

 York Cit}-, which is the center of the greatest market 

 for cut-flowers in the country, is met largely by flori- 

 cultural interests located in New Jersey. 



The nursery business is flourishing in Illinois. There 

 are approximately 214 nursery establishments in 

 Illinois which are regulated according to the inspection 

 laws, ninety in the northern division, seventy-four in 

 the central, and fifty in the southern. 



Other branches of horticultural industry are also 

 weU developed. Gardening for the Chicago market 

 forms a large and important business in itself, while the 

 growing of vegetables for shipment in certain sections 

 of southern Illinois has assumed large proportions. At 

 times, from Cobden, in Union county, thirty cars of 

 tomatoes are shipped in one day, and it is not unusual 

 for sixty to seventy cars of produce to be shipped from 

 that county in one day. 



Market-gardening has also been well developed in 

 the vicinity of nearly every city of any considerable 

 size in the state. In a number of the gardens, modern 

 methods of overhead irrigation are employed to supple- 

 ment the natural rainfall in certain seasons. At many 

 places the culture of vegetables under glass has become 

 an important industry, the principal crops being lettuce 

 and cucumbers. Among the counties of the United 

 States, Cook County, Illinois, ranks first in acreage of 

 cucumbers, third in acreage of cabbage, third in acreage 

 of onions, fourth in acreage of lettuce, fourth in acreage 

 of celery, and fourth in the production of radishes. 

 Union County has a larger acreage of rhubarb than 

 any other county in the United States, while Iroquois 

 County ranks third in acreage of sweet corn. Illinois 

 ranks second among the states in the production of 

 sweet com, and third in the production of squa.shes. 



Watermelons constitute an important truck-crop in 

 certain loeahties, the leading centers of the industry 

 being Carmi, in White County, Beardstown, in Cass 

 County, and Thomson, in Carroll County. The normal 

 production in each of these regions is about 400 car- 

 loads a year. 



Onions, and especially onion sets, are extensively 

 grown in the ^^cinity of Chicago. Many of the sets are 

 grown in small areas under contract by market-gar- 

 deners for seedsmen and other large dealers. How- 

 ever, there are a few growers who make a specialty 

 of sets, and plant a large acreage every year. One 

 firm operating within the city limits of Chicago, 

 ordinarily produces over 200 acres of sets. In the 

 weeding and harvesting seasons, a special train is run 

 to bring their workmen from the city. 



The most notable examples of landscape horticulture 

 or landscape gardening in the state are to be found in 

 the Chicago city park system, which is the largest and 

 in some respects the finest in the entire country. A 

 recent development is the promotion of an "Illinois way 



of planting," which tends to emphasize the prairie 

 style of landscape gardening as opposed to the formal or 

 gardenesque style, and to imify and give character to 

 the state as a whole. 



Most of the men and women who have been influential 

 in promoting the horticultural interests of the state 

 have been identified with the State Horticultural 

 Society. Some of those who are no longer Uving who 

 will be remembered for their connection with the ad- 

 vancement of the horticultural activities of the state 

 are: H. Augustine, Normal; W. W. Barnard, Johnson; 

 S. N. Black, Clayton; Arthur Bryant, Princeton (page 

 1567); A. C. Carifield, Springfield; H. L. Daw, Jackson- 

 ville; C. N. Dennis, Hamilton; Robert Douglas, Wau- 

 kegan (page 1572); M. L. Dunlap, Savoy; Samuel 

 Edwards, LaMoille; Geo. Endicott, Villa Ridge; Wil- 

 lard C. Flagg, Moro; O. B. Galusha, Peoria; R. O. 

 Graham, Bloomington; W. H. GuUett, Lincoln; A. C. 

 Hammond, Warsaw; Jas. Hartzorne, Johet; P. J. 

 Hauswirth, Chicago; Jos. Heinl, Jacksonville; E. S. 

 Huh, Alton; John F. JoUy, Olney; W. B. Lloyd, Kin- 

 mundy; W. H. Mann, Giiman; S. G. Minkler, Oswego; 

 J. M. Pearson, Godfrey; Jonathan Pcrriam, Chicago; 

 G. H. Perrine, Centraha; F. K. Phoenix, Bloomington; 

 Edgar Sanders, Chicago; J. B. Turner, Jacksonville; 

 F. D. Voris, Neoga; and A. Washburn, Bloomington. 



Public-service agencies for horticulture. 



The land-grant college was estabhshed in Urbana, 

 Champaign county, February 28, 1867. The institution 

 was called the "Illinois Industrial University" until 

 1885, when the name was changed to the "University 

 of Illinois." At first there was no special instruction 

 or equipment in horticulture. 



In 1888, the lUinois Agricultural Experiment Station 

 was established at the University of Ilhnois; the Board 

 of Trustees of the University assumed charge, and some 

 of the farm land belonging to the University was set 

 aside for experimental purposes. At that time there 

 were two members of the horticultural station staff; 

 there are now twenty-two. Experimental work ia 

 being carried on in pomologj-, olericulture, plant- 

 breeding, and floriculture. The area set apart for 

 horticultural interests is 360 acres, about 300 acres of 

 which are devoted to instructional work and about 60 

 acres to experimental work. This will fluctuate, how- 

 ever, from time to time. Thirty-eight horticultural 

 bulletins have been published by the station to date, 

 and thirty-two circulars. 



With the exception of courses in colleges teaching 

 agriculture, no advanced or special instruction in horti- 

 culture is given in the state. However, most of the 

 common and secondary schools of the state offer courses 

 in agricultiu"e, in connection with which elementary 

 horticultural instruction is included. 



As a result of a state-wide demand for advice upon 

 the improvement of home and public grounds, the 

 Department of Horticulture at the State University 

 has organized a corps of men especially for extension 

 work in landscape gardening. Four members of the 

 staff devote their entire time to this phase of the work. 

 It consists of making special designs for school and 

 other public grounds to serve as illustrations of proper 

 landscape planting in the respective communities, 

 publishing circulars and pamphlets designed to stimu- 

 late an interest in nn-al and civic improvement, giving 

 illustrated lectures at. meetings of civic clubs, farmers' 

 institutes, and other organizations, and of demonstra- 

 tion work in the planting of public and private grounds. 



Inspection service for insects and plant diseases is 

 provided for by an act of the legislature, now in force 

 as amended July 1, 1909. All nursery stock .shipped or 

 delivered must bear a copy of certificate of inspection. 



No laws in regard to fruit-grading are now in force 

 in Illinois except those which have been enacted by the 

 federal goverment. A standard of grading of apples 



