2202 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



tion W!>s 60.742 tiusirts, vsJuod at $9,141. Gooseborrios 

 incrcjUKxl in ;i«'rt'asi> from 10 in ISW to 86 in 1009, 

 when the pnKliU'tion \v;u-< .")ti,S()l iiiiails, viihu'd at 

 S7.;wJ. Other sin:ill-frmt.-; proiliu-eil in 1909 were ;5,104 

 qu:irt# of bl:iekl>erries anil dewberries, vahieii at $470, 

 and 1.120 qnart.-; of eranberries, vahied at Sl'i.'i. 



The aen'ase devoted to potatoes inen-ased from 

 21,936 in 1S99 to ■)4,067 in 1909, wlien the prodiielioi\ 

 was ,">.."m1.4;«) bnshels, valued at $2,079,12."). The 

 more important of the other vegetables produeed were: 

 37 aeres of onions, valued at $9,1S,S; 109 aeres of cab- 

 bape, vahu\l at $S,724; 96 acres of watirnielons, 

 valued at $3,719; 141 aeres of sweet 'eorii, valued at 

 S3. 369; SS aeres of turnips, valued at .$3,14.'); and 7 

 acres of celery. valiKnl at S1,6S0. Vejcetables of lesser 

 im]>orfance, prixhiced in 1909, were ;usparaj;us, preen 

 beans, carrots, cucumbers, green pcivs, and tomatoes. 



There were 4 acres devote<l to the production of 

 flowers and plants in 1909 and the i)roduets vahu'd at 

 $47,221. The total area under plass in 1909 was 

 70.670 square feet, of which 4S,1.50 were covered by 

 greenhouses and 22,.')20 by sashes and frames. The 

 area devotetl to nursery products in North Dakota 

 increased from 131 acres in 1S99 to 472 in 1909, when 

 the products were valued at $30,997. 



C B. Waldron. 



South Dakota. 



South Dakota (Fig. 2505) lies a little north of the 

 center of the continent, between latitude 45° 57' north, 

 and 42° 28' south and longitude 96° 26' and 104° 3' 

 west of Greenwich. Its shape is approximately a 



2505. South Dakota, to show horticultural adaptabilities. 



rectangle. Its extreme length from east to west is 386 

 miles; extreme breiulth north to south 240 miles; 

 population (in 1910) .083,888. The Missouri River 

 divides the state into two nearly efjuul portions. With 

 the exception of a .small area in the iKjrtheast comer, 

 the .southeast part Ls lowest and all the streams flow in 

 that direction. The state may be divided into three 

 sections: (l) the Black Hills; (2) tlie Tablelands; (3) 

 the Eastern .Section. The Black Hills in the southwest- 

 ern part are outliers of the Rocky Mountains, and the 

 extensive and very rich deposits of gold, silver, and 

 other minerals are important sourct^s of wealth. The 

 Indians early knew of these gold deposits, but they were 

 not known to white men until 1874. The Black Hills, 

 so named by the Indians because of th(! heavy forests 

 of pine and Kj)ruce covering th(! mountains, include an 

 area of alxjut .0,fXX) square miles. Ojnsiderable fniit is 

 now being Tuiiv-A in this s(!ction imder irrigation, as the 

 local market is a profitable one, and it has b(!en found 



possible to raise many varieties not hardy ujion the 

 open prairies of the state. 



The Tablelands c()in])rise the entire section of the 

 state west of the Mi.ssouri River, with the exception of 

 the Black Hills, Five branches of the Misso\iri flow 

 from the western part of the state across these lands 

 from west, to east. These lu'e the White, Bad, Cheyenne, 

 Moreau or Owl, and Grand rivers. The .series of dry 

 years l'.»10-1 1-12-13 show that exclusive grain-farm- 

 ing is not advisable, but the native grasses are very 

 nutritious and sl(M'k-raisiiig is ])rolitable. 



The Ka.stern .Section contains three river valleys 

 that cross it from north to .south, viz., the eastern half of 

 the Missouri, the .James River Valley and the Big Sioux 

 River on the eastern bortler. In the southern part, the 

 valley of the Vermillion traverses the region between 

 the .Sioux and James. These river valleys are all very 

 fertile and lilend together as they reach the Missouri 

 at the south. Diversified agriculture flourishes in these 

 river valleys, especially in the southern and entire 

 eastern jiart of this .section. In the higher ground in 

 the northern and western part, stock-raising and dairy- 

 ing are the main industries owing to the le.sser rainfall. 

 .Since the defining of the artesian-well basin, general 

 agriculture has been encroaching upon the grazing 

 areas. This basin reaches from the Missouri River 

 eastward to some distance beyond the James. The 

 amount of this sup))lv whiirh can be used has been 

 roughly estimated at 326,805,600,000 cubic feet 

 annually, an amount of water sufficient to fill a river- 

 bed a mile wide, 20 feet deej) and nearly 600 miles long. 

 Wlien this water is more generally utilized, it is con- 

 fidently believed that the market-gardening and fruit- 

 growing area shown on the map will be 

 enlarged and extended westward. 



Horticulture in South Dakota is to a 

 considerable extent still in the experi- 

 mental stage. Most of the planting of 

 orchard-fruits has been done since the last 

 "crucial test" winter of 1884-5, hence it 

 will be difficult to give a safe list until 

 after the next test winter. A glance at the 

 map will show that the state extends well 

 below the north line of Iowa, and as a 

 matter of fact, it is found that the South 

 Dakota fruit fist partakes of both Iowa 

 and Minnesota in its characteristics. The 

 southern tier of counties in the southeast 

 corner of the state can raise varieties of 

 the apple which are not at all hardy north- 

 ward in the state. It is interesting to 

 trace the orcharding belt along the great 

 river from far down in Missouri north- 

 ward between Iowa and Nebraska into 

 .South Dakota. In the Sioux and James 

 river valleys considerable fruit is grown as 

 far north as the Minnesota line. North of 

 this the orchards are few and far between, the country 

 being new, and grain-raising, stock-raising and dairying 

 affording more profitable sources of income. 



The state has been divided into four fruit sections 

 by the State Horticultural Society since 1913, as follows: 

 Northern District — this includes all north of a line 

 running due east and west through Watertown; Cen- 

 tral District — this distri(^t includes approximately all 

 between two lines rimning due east and west through 

 .Sioux Falls and Watertown; Southern District-^-this 

 includes all south of the north line of Iowa, which is 

 approximately a line running due east and west through 

 Sioux Falls; the Black Hills District — this includes 

 the Black Hills counties in the southwestern comer 

 of the state. 



The largest old apple orchard in the state is in 

 Turner (Jovmty, consisting of 7,000 trees on about 132 

 acres. This orchard was jjlanted in the e.arly seventies 

 and is still bearing. About 4,000 of the trees are 



