•2-220 NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



of West Virginiii, it hiis only rorentlv been ^^^n^^^f- '' 

 hv the ^tiU ervater .leveloi.nient ni the Kiu-^tein 1 an- 

 h-m e V^ .W..b Nessley 'va. the father of .onuuereial 

 r t-cnnvn.R in the Norther.. ra..hanaie so was W ^. 

 M er^.. the Kastern Pa..ha...lle. In IS.,1 he p a..te, 

 10 -en" of apples, .x-aehes a...l l.lu...s, a..a the e ose of 

 ho Civil War foinui hi... with 1,001) heann;; ,.ra,h t.ees 

 1 H.n his hands. .\s ti...e went on the pla.it...fis ...eiya-se, 

 .^n Hna llv the ape.l pioneer ha.l plant e,l a..a ..lature.l 

 on^ s nv.^^^^^^ o'ver MHH) apple a,.,l •-'."..OOO peaeh 

 t^4 be-sides hirge numbers of i.luni, pear, qumee and 

 cherry trees. 

 Publicscn-ice agencies for horlieuUure. 



The Land-Grant college "fW'!'^* Virginia is located 

 at Morgantown. It was estabhshed .n 86< as 1 c 

 \ericultural College of ^\ est \ irg.n.a. In, ISbS, 1 ow 

 ever, this name wa.s change,! to -West \irg.ma I ..- 

 ve?« tv •■ The College of .Vgrieulture w;is es abl.she. 

 inlsOT There are six n.e.iibers of the hor .cultvn.d 

 staff who, together with one other man also make 

 up ti.e horticultural stall of the Expernnent btat.on. 



The Experiment Station was estabhshed m 1S>87 at 

 Moreantowai ;is a part of the University. 



There is a State Horticultural Society devoted to 

 horticultural interests, with which are afhliated a num- 

 ber of county organizations. 

 Statistics {Thirteeni.h Census). 



The approximate land area of West Virginia in 1910 

 was 15 374,080 acres. The land m farms was 65.2 per 

 ^ent ofihii area, or 10,02f,,442 acres. (^ 'l-^-' - 

 farms, the improved land numbered .5,.521,/..7 acres 

 the woodland, 3,968,836 acres; and other unimproved 

 and in farms 535,849 acres. The total number of all 

 he f^rms in Vjio'was 96,685, ™'lthe^ average acreage 

 to a fann, 103.7. [The total area of the state is 24,170 



"''The "elld'ilg agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 foraSe, and to'baSo The acreage devoted to the pro- 

 duction of cereals decrea.scd from 1,30^428 in 1899 to 

 1,038,931 in 1909, when the production was valued at 

 S15 997 700, or 39.6 per cent of the total value of all 

 crops Hay and forage increased m acreage from 

 Ml 935 in 1899 to 708,900 in 1909, when the produc- 

 ^onw^ valued at $7,492,747, or 18.6 per cent of the 

 total value of all crops. Tobacco mcreased in acreage 

 from .5 129 in 1899 to 17,928 in 1909, when he produc- 

 tirwi valued at .?1,923.180. Forest products of the 

 i^^s^ 1909 were valued at .$4,004,484, as compared 



^^^iS^.;^ produced in West V^inia aro 

 fruits and nuts, sn.all-fniits, potatoes and other vege- 

 tabl4,and flo^;ers and plants and ""■"^'T P^^^ucts 

 The value of the fruits and nu s Produ<'«l m 909 w.« 

 $3,149,122, a-s compared with «^'^\";^' ^ ■ '" in ^ 

 Small-fruits increased m acreage from 1,994 in 189,) to 

 2 913 in 19fK), when the production was 2,3.iO,.')t)Z 

 quarts, valued at §191,002 The total acreage^ of 

 potatoes and other vegetables .n 1909 w^'^ f .2.4 

 valued at $6,t)68,618. Excluding potatoes, sweet pola- 

 uls and yams, other vegetal,les increased m acreage 

 r^m 29,290 in 1899 to 43,524 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was valued at 84,519,894. Howers ^n^ P =^"ts 

 and nursery products decrea-sed in acreage from .)8b 

 in 1899 to 489 in 1909, when the production was 



valued at 81.57,645. , , •. ■ lono wia 



The tfjtal production of orchard-fniits in 1909 was 

 4 7«^9.59 baihels, valued at 83,040,192. Apnles con- 

 tributed abo.it nine-tenths of this quantity, arid peaches 

 and nectarines most of the remainder. Apple trees ol 

 bearing ai-e in 1910 numbered 4,.570,948; those not of 



bearing age, 2,772,02.x The P'-'">"''V"", "^o^?!? 'oyT 

 V.m wa.s 4,225,163 bushels value<l at »2 461,0/4. 

 Pca*:h and nectarine trees of bearing agc^ m 1 '1<] /i"'"" 

 berefl 1424,582; those not of bearing age, 1,441, 18«. 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



The produ.'t.o.. of pea.'hes in 1909 w.is 328,901 bushels 



valued at $368,584. t)the.; ^■'•'-.^••->-f"J''^PV«uT()43 

 loot) were : 79,723 buslu^ls of eherr...s, valued at $11 1,043, 

 32,918 bushels of phmis and pi-"i»'^ V;il";''l at $4S,5-.-, 

 •'rum; bushels of p.-ars, valued at $32,101; and 13,163 

 bv.'shels of qmiK-es. valued at ^^fi>^- _,, 



The p.-oductioi. of grapes m 1909 was 3,224,/ 51 

 p,m..as. valued at $92,834. Grape-vines of bearing age 

 !„ 1910 numbered 284,074; those not of bearmg age, 



''"'Fhe^ total production of nuts in 1909 wiis 974 312 

 pou,i,ls, valued at $16,049. The more ""P"':*^"*. °f ^ 

 nuts oroduced wx>rc: 878,215 pounds of black \\ainuts 

 value It $11,430; 17,337 pounds of Persian or English 

 walnuts, valued at $2,153; and 40,380 pounds of chest. • 



"^^ £"m;:^iSgrown in West Virginia, straw- 

 berries are the most important, the acreage decreasmg, 

 howll^er from 799 in IsVj to 709 in 1909 when the pro- 

 <luction was 812,049 quarts, valued at »'4,'78^1acK 

 berries and dewberries increased m acreage from 367 in 

 1899 to 1 292 in 1909, when the production was 803,498 

 iuart^^ valued at $48,854. R-Pb-™-\"'i^°f ^bfo-S^ 

 increased in acreage from /04 m 1899 to 84/ in iJua, 

 wl n the production wa.s 648,174 quarts, valued at 

 $60,749. Other small-fruits produced n 1909 were 

 34.009 quarts of currants, valued a $3,153, and 35,63. 

 Quarts of gooseberries, valued at $.3,238. 

 ^ The acrlage devoted to the production of potatoes^ 

 the most important of the vegetables, mcreased from 

 30 1^3 in 1899 to 42,621 in 1909, when the production 

 was 4,(^?7 066 bushels, valued at $2,278,638. Sweet 

 potatoes and yams decreased m acreage from 3 393 in 

 1899 to 2,079 in 1909, when the production was 215,582 

 bushels, Valued at $170,086. The Production of the 

 more iniportant of the other vegetables m 1909 was 

 1 846 acres of tomatoes, valued at $8i,386, 3,464 acres 

 of green beans, valued 'at .$60,1.56; 878 acres of sweet 

 com, valued at $37,449; 212 acres of c^^bbage valued 

 nt $24 .562- 473 acres of watermelons, valued at $21,0dJ, 

 163 aces 'of turnips, valued at $4,809; 35 acres of 

 onions valued at $4,442; and 72 acres of green peas, 

 vXed r$2 053. Vegetables of less importance were 

 lirag^ls, cantaloupls, celery, cucumbers,- lettuce, 



'^"ThT™e devoted to the production of flowers and 

 nlants decreased from 39 m 1899 to 25 m 1909. Uie 

 total arel under glass in 1909 was 296,717 square feet 

 of which 272,lS2%vere covered by greenhouses, and 

 24 .S.5 by sashes and frames. The value of the flowers 

 and plants produced in 1909 wa,s $78,377, as compared 



"^^^J'^ri^^luc^decreased in acreage from M7 m 

 1899 to 464 in 1909, when their value was $79,268, as 

 compared with $61,700, in 1899. w. H. Aldbeman. 



North Carolina. 



North Carolina (Fig. 2512) is a long, narrow strip of 

 land in eastern United States, occupying a mecl al 

 Sion b,' ween North and South. It .-t-ds 503 miles 



romeast lowest, with ^n average widh of about 100 

 miles Since the slate extends from the surf ol the ocean 

 to the hghest altitudes east of the Rocky Mountains 



t hasa ver>- complex topography, a varying climate, a 

 multil^ich^of soil types and a consequent wide range 



°'N^!S;;inaSs divided into throe parts, tbe Moun- 

 tain "eg on the Piedmont and the Coastal Plain. The 

 CoasVaTp" .in b.-gins at the Atlantic Ocean and extends 

 Wan a distance of about 1.50 miles. The land is ex- 

 trome V level, in .nost places not, varying in elevat on 

 ove'X.t .; the mile. .Along ''"^.-^ds -d m tl « 

 ti.le-waler section there is from 4,000 to f.""" square 

 m les of swamp. A part of th.s ar.>a has been drained 

 Lnd is fo"to be extremely rich agricultural hmd. 



