223G NORTH AMERICAN STAPES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



sures in this stnte. it is very import ant to solool varie- 

 ties that are adapted to tlie conditions where the trees 

 are to Ik> phmted. The faet tliat a ilosirable apple has 

 botni orijiinated in eas> Tennessee is no proof that it 

 will succeed well in all parts of this political division. 

 On the contrary, it is likely to };ivc t;ood results only 

 in certain soils and on certain exposures that arc 

 requisite for its proper growth and fruit fulness. 



.\ll the classes of fruits couuuonly firown in the 

 northern half of the I'niled States are iiroduced in 

 Tcnnes-sec for home and comnierical pmpo.ses. Straw- 

 berries are shijiped more largely to distant markets 

 than any other fruit. The area in peaches is increasing 

 rapidly. Summer apples are shippe<l fiom several 

 sections. 



Of the vegetables, tomatoes and Irish jxitatoes are 

 the most important commercially. The following 

 counties have been active in producinn and sliipi)in{i 

 fruits and vcfsetables: tlibson, Weakley, Madison, 

 Ha>"\vood, Shelby, Maury, Williamson, Lincoln, Ham- 

 ilton, Hhea, Koane, Morgan, Bradley, Wiushington, 

 and Knox. Peanuts are gro\^^l largely in Periy, Hum- 

 phreys, Benton, Decatur, Hickman, anil Wajaie. 



Many locations in Eiust Tennessee arc peculiarly 

 well adapted to the culture of grajies. This is shown 

 by the large exliibits of fine grajies made at the fall 

 horticultural meetings. The local markets are well sup- 

 plied with home-grown grapes during their season. 



Such fruits as .Japanese persimmon and English 

 walnut have not been generally successful, though 

 occasional trees that are healthy and productive are 

 known in the state. The Paragon chestnut is a prom- 

 ising variety grafted on native stock. These fruits, 

 and thin-shelled pecans, while ofTering little to the 

 practical orchardi.st, are of interest to the amateur. 

 The currant and gooseberry succeed only in the high 

 mountains of east Tennessee, and in favored localities 

 on the Cumberland Plateau. 



The nursery business is extensively developed in 

 Tennessee, the apple, peach, pear, and cherry being 

 largely propagated. There are 69.j nursery finns listed 

 in the ofTice of the State Entomologist, and about one- 

 third of them are wholesale growers. The largest 

 nurA;ry interests are in Franklin, DeKalb, Warren, 

 Bradley, Knox, and Sullivan counties. 



The climate of Tennessee, with moderate temperature 

 and abundant rainfall, is favorable for the growth of 

 ornamental i)lants, and landscape gardening may be 

 extensively developcfl in all jiarts of the state, the prin- 

 cipal drawback being the difHc\ilty of maintaining a 

 lu.vurious growth of lawn grasses. In west Tennessee, 

 Bermuda is more largelj' used than any other grass. 

 Kentucky blue-grass is most successful in the Central 

 Basin and can be well grown throughout mitldle and 

 east Tenne.s.see by the free use of lime and fertilizers. 



No state in the Union, with the po.ssible exception of 

 North Carolina, has a greater number of indigenous 

 woody plants. Among native de<'iduous trees the fol- 

 lowing are a<la[)ted to street, lawn and park planting: 

 large trees — white elm, winged c'lm, sweet gum, black 

 gum, black locust, honey locust, silver maple, scarlet 

 mafjle, sugar maple, white ash, blue ash, bald cypress, 

 shagbark hickory, pecan, b:i.sswood (linn), beech, gray 

 birch, chestnut, catalpa, hackberry, black wild cherry, 

 black walnut, Kentucky coffee tree, cu<Himber tree, 

 tulip fpoplarj, sycamore, and the following oaks: black, 

 willow, pin, red, Spanish, scarlet, post, chestnut, white; 

 fcinali trees — juneberry, sourwood, silver bell, hornbeam, 

 water beech, Hercules' club,buckthoni, red-bud, yellow- 

 W'kkJ, fringe, wild plum, wild crab-apple, (lowering 

 dogwood, umbrella tree, witch liazel, hawthorn, black 

 haw, red mulberry, sassafriis, hoj) tree. The following 

 Dative fihrubs are of value for ornamental planting: 

 bla<lder-nut, stewartia, callicari)a, calycanthus, yau- 

 pon fdeciduous holly), flarne-colored azidea, pinxter 

 flower, mock-orange, meadow-sweet, nine-bark, red 



ozier dogwood, flowering raspberry, elderberry, sumach, 

 Carolina rose, pink-flowering locust, spice bush, waahoo, 

 strawl)crry tree, coral-berry. Kalinia, rhododendron 

 and leucothoe occur abundantly in the moimtain .sec- 

 tions, but they caiuiol be well grown in the lowlands. 

 Of native cimifers the sliortleaf pine, .Jersey pine, pitch 

 pine, red cedar and (^u'olina hemlock should be exten- 

 sively planted, though seldom used in landscape work, 

 with the exception of the red cedar. Holly is indigenous 

 along the streams, and is largely used in ornamental 

 planting. Diflicully is experienced with the more com- 

 mon coniferous forms, such as are listed by nurserymen, 

 exce])t in the mountains. In the lowlands, the spruces 

 and firs, and the white, Scotch and Austrian pines 

 are short-lived, though sometimes growing vigorously 

 to an age of fifteen to thirty years. Junipers, thuyas, 

 retinosporas and arbor-vities are extensively planted 

 and give satisfaction wlien skilfully cared for. Among 

 broad-leaved evergreens, holly. Magnolia grandiflora, 

 several varieties of box, abelia, mahonia, Elseagnus 

 Siinonii, and a few other forms grow well in almost all 

 parts of the state. Azalea indica and A. amoena have 

 been planted in city gardens, but have not proved suc- 

 cessful. All the common hardy flowering shrubs grow 

 luxuriously throughout Tennessee. In almost all parts 

 of the state all classes of roses can be grown in gardens 

 except the more tender teas. In the southwest i)art of 

 the state such tender varieties as the Marechal Niel 

 grow well with a little protection. 



IIar<ly herbaceous plants are largely grown in Tennes- 

 see gardens, anil their popularity is rapiilly increasing. 

 Among jjlants of this class, the following are recom- 

 mended for all parts of the state: narcissus, tulip, 

 hyacinth, Lilium tigrinum, L. candidum, L. speciosum, 

 L. anratum, L. Martagon, lily-of-the-valley, German 

 iris, Spanish iris, Japanese iris, peony, phlox, foxglove, 

 pinks, bleeding heart, delphinium, Japanese anemone, 

 chrysanthemum, funkia, rose mallow and mallow 

 hybrids, candytuft, bluebells, columbine, gaillardia, 

 oriental poppy, hollyhock, platycodon, Shasta daisy, 

 golden glow, baby's breath, small-flowered double sun- 

 flower, hybrid pyrethrum, yellow and orange hemero- 

 callis. 



Among climbing plants, the best for covering walls 

 in Tennessee are English ivy, Boston ivy, and Evony- 

 tnus radicans; for porches and pergolas, grapes, Virginia 

 creeper, trumpet creeper, Chinese trumpet creeper, 

 Chinese wistaria, Japanese wistaria. 



Puhlic-servicc agencies for horticulture. 



The University of Tennessee was established at 

 Knoxville, in 1794, and the College of Agriculture, as a 

 department of the University, accepted the provisions 

 of the first Morrill land-grant in 1868-9. The profes- 

 sorship in horticulture was established in January, 1900. 

 Until 191.5 the professor of horticulture also served as 

 horticulturist of the Ex-periment Station. The Experi- 

 ment Station is also at Knoxville in connection with 

 the college. To date thirty-three bulletins on horti- 

 culture, insects and jjlant diseases, have been issued 

 by the Experiment Station. 



Courses in horticulture are offered in the four normal 

 schools of the state and as a part of the agricultural 

 teaching in the county high-schools. Gardening is 

 taught in many of the city schools. 



The Division of Extension of the CoUege of Agri- 

 culture has a specialist in horticulture and makes 

 demonstrations in fruit- ami truck-growing. 



Thr work of inspecting nurseries is conducted by 

 the State Department of Agriculture. The head- 

 quarters of the inspector are at the University. 



Statistics {Thirteenth Census). 



The api)roximate land area of Tennes.see in 1910 was 

 2(),679,6S() acres. The land in farms was 7.5.1 per cent 

 of the land area, or 20,041,657 acres. Of this land in 



