•2J.->4 N(MrrH AMERICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



I'tMic-fiTricf aginciea for horticulture. (E. J. Kylo.) 



The lofjislaturp of Texas, in an aet ajiproved A])ril 17, 

 1S7I, jiroviiloil for the estalilislmu-nt of the Aftrioiil- 

 tural and Meehankal College of Texas, whieh was 

 loeateii at College Station in Brazos covnily. 'Phe Col- 

 lege was formally o|HMieil for the reoeption of students 

 Oetober 4, ISVli. The Hortienltural Department of llie 

 College now lias fom- niemhers on its instrnctional stalT. 



The Federal E\|>eriment Station is located at Col- 

 lege Station. The hortieultnral work in the Station is in 

 eharge of two men. The Station has i>nl)lishetl twenty- 

 nine hortieviltnral hulletins and two circulars. 



Klementary courses in hortic\ill>n'e are taught in a 

 number of high-schools in the state. There is a con- 

 siderable amount of extension work done by members 

 of the horticultural teaching staff and members of the 

 extension service. Some of tlie societies advancing the 

 cause of horticulture in Texas are tlie Texas State Hor- 

 ticultural Society, Texas Nut-(irowers' Association and 

 Texas Nurserj-men's .\ssociation. There are also .sev- 

 eral local horticultural societies and many fruit- and 

 truck-growers' associations for commercial jnn'jioses. 



In the State Department of Agriculture at Austin, 

 considerable time is devotetl to the inspection of nurser- 

 ies, and the eradication of insect pests and diseases. 



Statistics {Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of Texas in 1910 was 

 167.934,720 acres. The lanil in farms was 67 per cent 

 of this area, or 112.43."),(J67 acres. Of this land in farms, 

 the improved land numbered 27,3tiO,666 acres, the 

 woodland 27,1)58,413 acres, and other unimi)roved land 

 in fanns .57,415,988 acres. The number of all the farms 

 in 1910 was 417,770, and tlie average acreage to a farm 

 269.1. (The total area is 265,896 square miles). 



The leading .agricultural crojis of Texas are cotton, 

 including cotton seed, cereals, and hay and forage. 

 The acreage devoted to the jiroduction of cotton 

 increased from 6,960,367 in 1.S99 to 9,930,179 in 1909, 

 when the production wa.s valued at $188,673,954, which 

 was 63.3 per cent of the total value of all crops. Cereals 

 decreased in acreage from 6,932,791 in 1899 to 6,716,304 

 in 1909, when the value of the production was .?67,1()9,- 

 923. llav and forage incre;ised in acreage from 

 938,024 in 1899 to 1,311,967 in 1909, when the produc- 

 tion w;is valued at .!;12,824,433. The value of the 

 forest products of the farms in 1909 was $8,925,062, 

 as compared with .?3,520,033 in 1S99. 



Horticultural crops grown in Texa.s are fruits and 

 nuts, small-fruits, potatoes and other vegetables, and 

 flowers and jilants and nurserj- products. Tlie value of 

 the fruits and nuts produced in 1909 was $1,824, .543, as 

 compared with $1,563,745, in 1899. Small-fruits 

 increa.s<'d in acreage from 3,904 in 1899 to 5,053 in 

 1(K)9, when the producti(m was 6,182,742 quarts, 

 valued at S480,.331. The total acreage of potatoes and 

 other vegetables in 1909 was 202,792, and their value 

 $12,122,2.55. Excluding potatoes and sweet potatoes 

 and yams, the acreage of the other vegetables increa.sed 

 from 111,899 in 1899 to 124,690 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction wa.s valued at $8,099,306. The acreage of 

 flowers and plants and nursery products increased 

 from 2,260 in 1899 to 4,182 in 1909, wlien the produc- 

 tion was valued at $1,727,470. 



The total production of orchard fruits in 1909 was 

 1,(/J0,2.33 bushels, valued at $1,060,998. Peaches and 

 nectarines contributed aVjout two-thirds of this quan- 

 tity, and apples, ficars, and plums and jirunes most of 

 the remainder. The peach and nectarine trees of bear- 

 ing age in 1910 were 9,737,827; tho.se not of bearing age, 

 2,9.58,813; and the production in 1909 was 729,t)31 

 bushel.s, valued at $703,649. Apple trees of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 1,138,8.52; those not of bearing 

 age, 1,127,573, and the prorluction in 1909 was 168,f)08 

 bu.shel.s, valued at .*160,*i55, I'ear trees of bearing age 

 in 19)0 numbered .5.58,478; tho.se not of bearing age. 



448,899, and the i)ro<luction in 1909 was 110,967 

 bu.sliels, valued at $114,279. Plum and prune trees of 

 bearing age in 1910 numbered 1,020, .339; those not of 

 bearing age, 327,7()5, .md the production in 1909 was 

 75,222 bushels, valued at $77,925. Other orchard- 

 fruits produced in 1909 were: 1,839 bushels of apricots, 

 valued at .$2,361; 1,635 bu.shels of mulberries, valued at 

 .$72:f; 1,869 bushels of quinces, valued .at $740; and 

 1,062 bushels of cherries, valued at .$663. 



The production of grapes in 1909 wa.s 1,802,618 

 pounds, valued at $78,;j25. The grape-vines of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 712,201; those not of bearing 

 age, 297,8(i9. 



The production of ntits in Texas in 1909 was 5,945,932 

 pounds, valued at $5tV2,542. The pecan is by far the 

 most important mit, the jiroduction of pecans alone 

 being 5,8:i2,367 pounds, valued at $556,203. The 

 other nuts jiroduced were: 40,658 pounds of Persian or 

 Engli.sh walnuts, valued at $3,703; 16,932 pounds of 

 almonds, valued at $1,618; and 55,446 pounds of black 

 walntits, valuetl at $995. 



Tropical fruits were produced in Texas in 1909 to 

 the value of $122,678. Figs and oranges contributed 

 the greater ixvrt of this quantity. Fig trees of bearing 

 age in 1910 numbered 230,171; those not of bearing 

 age, .585,396. The production of figs in 1909 was 2,411.- 

 876 ]3ounds, valued at $97,078. Orange trees of bear- 

 ing age, in 1910 numbered 42,384; those not of bear- 

 ing age, 867,407. The production of oranges in 1909 

 was 10,694 boxes, valued at $22,090. Other tropical 

 fruits produced were: 1,175 bushels of Jap.anese per- 

 .simnions, valued at .$2,136; 488 boxes of pomelos 

 (grajicfruit), valued at $8156; and 224 boxes of lemons, 

 valued at $469. 



Of the small-fruits produced in Texas, strawberries 

 are by far the most important, with blackberries and 

 dewlierries ranking next. The acreage of strawberries 

 increased from 1,361 in 1899 to 2,161 in 1909, when 

 the production was 4,207,056 quarts, valued at 

 $334,651. Blackberries and dewberries increased in 

 acreage from 2,394 in 1899 to 2,773 in 1909, when the 

 production was 1,808,119 quarts, valued at $138,557. 

 The other small-fruits produced in 1909 were: 97,653 

 quarts of ra,spberries and loganberries, valued at 

 .$6,302; 4,873 quarts of currants, valued at $496; and 

 5,042 quarts of gooseberries, valued at $325. 



Of the vegetables produced, the sweet potatoes and 

 yams, the potato, and peanut are the most important. 

 The acreage of the sweet jjotato and yam decreased 

 from 43,561 in 1899 to 42,010 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 2,730,083 bushels, valued at $2,197,799. 

 Potatoes increased in acreage from 21,810 in 1899 to 

 36,092 in 1909, when the prodtiction was 2,235,983 bush- 

 els, valued at $1,825,1.50. Peanuts increased in acreage 

 from 10,734 in 1899 to 64,327 in 1909, when the pro- 

 duction was 1,074,998 bushels, valued at $1,075,110. 

 Other vegetables of importance, that were produced in 

 1909, were: 5,170 acres of onions, valued at $820,972; 

 6,035 acres of tomatoes, valued at $.597,038; 18,466 

 acres of watennelons, valued at $539,313; 4,462 acres 

 of cabbage, valued at .$382,349; 1,784 acres of beans, 

 valued at $95,474; 1,685 acres of cantaloupes and musk- 

 melons, valued at $83,363; and 1,256 acres of cucum- 

 bers, valued at $.52,607. Turnips were jiroduced to the 

 value of .$39,290; green peppers, to the value of $18,807; 

 green pea.s, to the value of $17,685; sweet com, to the 

 value of $13,882; beets, to the value of .$9,420; and 

 asparagus amounted to .$5,372 in value. Vegetables 

 of still less inqiortance were carrots, cauliflower, 

 poji-com, eggjilant, lettuce, okra, pum])kins, radishes, 

 spinach, and sfiuash. 



The acreage devoted to the production of flowers 

 and plants increased from 167 in 1899 to 335 in 1909. 

 The total area under glass in 1909 was 986,070 square 

 feet, of which 907, til 5 were covered by greenhouses, 

 and 78,455 by sashes and frames. The value of the 



