2280 XOPxTH AMKRICAN STATES 



NORTH AMERICAN STATES 



AoKHKO Acrt'iiKe 



Class of fruit boirinn non-bi-iirinK 



GraiH". t;il>lc 35,850 17,>)70 



On»iH\ rnisiti iaS,S82 l<),aS5 



GraiK>, wine . . . , 125,109 35,518 



TotjJ acreage of vines. . .260,850 72,873 



Totiil of all vines 342,723 acres 



In 1014. the state hud nearly 1,200,000 acres in 

 orchards. 



The five leading counties in their acreage of table 

 grapes are 8an Joaquin. Fresno. Sacrament o, Tulare 

 anil Placer. In raisin grapes, Fresno greatl>' leads, with 

 Kings s»»cond. and Sutter third. Fresno, Na|ia and San 

 Joaquin lead in wine grapes; Santa Cruz, .SoiKima and 

 Mendocino have the greatest lunnher of apple trees; 

 Santa Clara, Kings, Alameda and \ entura of apricots; 

 Fresno, Kings, Placer and Santa Clara, of peaches; 

 F'resno and Ims Angeles of figs; FVesno and Placer of 

 nectarines; Ixis .\ngeles, Riverside and Tehama of 

 olives; Santa Chira, .Sonoma and Placer, of jjlums and 

 prunes; San Hernardina, Los Angeles, River.side and 

 Tulare of citrous fruit.s. 



In recent years, the nursery busines.s ha-s been 

 greatly extended. i)articularly in southern California, 

 where the demand for rare jilants and trees is con- 

 stantly incn^Lsing. 



.\ctive clubs and associations of florists, gardeners, 

 nurser\Tnen, and amateurs interested in horticulture 

 exist in various parts of California. In Ventura, Santa 

 Barbara, the LomiX)C ^'alley, Pasadena, \V'hittier, 

 Santa .\na, Pomona, Riverside, antl over a large area 

 around Los Angeles, also in Santa Clara, Alameda, 

 Marin, Sonoma, and other counties, many of the lesser 

 horticultural indiistries are gaining strength year by 

 year, as population increases. 



The growth of parks, fine estates, and horticultural 

 collections of note, while not jis yet develojjing into a 

 really great botanic garden, .such a-s California should 

 have, has still been noteworthy. The (iolden Gate 

 Park of San FYancisco, the parks and jiublic squares of 

 Oakland, San Jose, Sacramento, F'resno, Los Angeles, 

 Riverside, Pa.sadena, Redlands, San Diego, and many 

 other cities, are becoming of much interest and im- 

 portance. The beauty and, indeed, the splendor, of 

 thousands of superb private estates around San Fran- 

 cisco, north, south, and on the east side of the Bay, in 

 Santa Cruz and Monterey, and in .southern California, 

 have achieved a world-wide fame. Of especial impor- 

 tance are the Hidwell collections at Chico, the Gillespie 

 arboretum at Mont(;cito, Smiley Heights at Redlands, 

 the Del Monte gardens near Monterey, the Stanford 

 plantings at Palo .Vlto, the Tevis bamboos near Bakers- 

 field, the collection-s of Dr. Pierce at Santa Ana, th(! 

 government plant-gardens at Altadena, Chico, and 

 other points, and the University of California stations 

 at Berkeley and Santa Monica. 



One of the most impressive facts connected with 

 California horticulture is the (extent to which state and 

 national study of the problems involved has residled in 

 better rnethofls and more complete organization. Tla^ 

 citroas indastry in particular has greatly [irofited from 

 the investigations made by ex|)erts iipon cultural 

 methods, packing details, and so on. The Univt^rsity 

 of California, the ExjM^riment Station and institute 

 work, have every^vhere taught scientific methods and 

 organization, until now (1912j the effectiveness of the 

 fruit exchanges, and the general interest in the move- 

 ment t^jward complete standardization of methods and 

 prwiucts Ls everywhere increa-sing. Oui- of tlu^ greatest 

 fa^!tors in this progres-s is the .State Ilorticultur.al Com- 

 mimion, formerly the State Board of Horticulture. 



California has ha'l many horticultural publications, 

 large and small ; sfime of them continue, and others enter 

 the field every year. The Pacific Rural Press, although 



not horti<'ullural in name, has presented the horticul- 

 tiu'al adaptabilities from its foundation in 1870, under 

 the editorship of Professor Wickson. The ollicial liter- 

 ature, slate and n:itional, and the nuuss of reports ui)on 

 its horticultural industries whicli envoys from other 

 countries have issued, is very large indeed. 



The most striking single fact, however, in regard to 

 California horticulture ai)pears to be that since 1900 it 

 has shown a marked tenilency toward systematic 

 organization ami the most painstaking scientific study 

 of its problems, to the end that as new horticultural 

 centers develop, and older ones increa.'ie, each com- 

 munity will specialize acu^ording to its local resources. 

 .\t the present time (1912) a connnittce of nursery- 

 men are collecting and tabulating all available facts in 

 reganl to the percentage of trees which reach profitable 

 bearing under different conditions, and in different 

 localities, A similar spirit of investigation extends to 

 all the minor horticultural industries, so numerous and 

 so ra])iilly increasing in importance with a growing 

 liopul.af io|i. The planting of eucalpyts on a large and 

 widely-advertised scale, has lessened, but still goes on. 

 Acacias are being planted, to some extent, for tanbark, 

 and bamboos for fm-niture. 



The horticultural development of California has come 

 in large measvu'e from the tireless efforts of many and 

 liard-working pioneers in every department. Nursery- 

 men and gardeners like Fox, West, Rock, Lewelling, 

 Sievers, sjient their profits in experiments and intro- 

 ductions. Men and women like E. L. Beard, General 

 .lohn Bidwell and his wife, J. DeBarth Shorb, of San 

 Gabriel, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, Mrs. Theodosia B. 

 Shepherd, of Ventura, Mrs. M. E. Sherman, and many 

 others, did noble pioneer work. 



Puhlic-scnrice agencies for horticulture. (VV. T. Clarke.) 



The Land-Grant College is situated at Berkeley, and 

 was established in 1868. The horticultural staff con- 

 sists of thirty members. Aside from the usual equip- 

 ment, the department has about 100 acres in the cen- 

 tral and northern part of the state devoted to orchard 

 purposes, and 200 acres devoted to the same purpose 

 at the Riverside Citricultural Station. 



The I'^xjjcriment Station is also located at Berkeley, 

 although the larger part of the work is done at the 

 farm at Davis, the Kearney farm near Fresno and at the 

 Riverside Station. A small amoimt of work is also done 

 at the Im])crial Valley Station, near Meloland. About 

 100 horticultural bulletins and 02 circulars have been 

 issued. 



Extension work in horticulture is given in connection 

 with farmers' institutes, movable or extension schools 

 and agricultural rural im])rovement clubs. An extensive 

 correspondence is al.so carried on by the department. 



Horticulture is taught in many of the public schools. 



Statistics {Thirteenth Census). 



The approximate land area of California comprises 

 99,617,2,80 acres, of which 27,931,444, or 28 per cent, 

 are in farms. Of these 27,931,444 acres in farms, 11,- 

 .389,894, or 40.8 per cent, are unimproved; 4,541,767 

 acres are in woodland; and 11,999,783 acres are unim- 

 proved. The total number of farms in the state is 

 88,197. The average acres to the farm are 316.7. [The 

 total area of the state is 158,297 square miles.] 



The leading agricultural crops are cereals, hay and 

 forage, hops, sugar crops, and forest products. The 

 cereals occupied 17.3 per cent of the im])roved land, or 

 1,970,492 acres, in 1909, a decrea.si^ in acreage of 50.8 

 per cent since 1.899, when they occupied 4,004,254 acres. 

 "TIk' value of the cereal products in 1909 was 828,039,826. 

 Hay and forage occupied 22.2 per cent of the improved 

 lanll area in 1909, or 2,.533,.347 acres, an increa.se in 

 •acreage of 13.1 per cent since 1899, when they occupied 

 2,239,601 acres. The value of hay and forage in 1909 

 was $42,187,215. The acreage of hops increa.sed from 



