KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND GENERA 



83 



Cohort 1. Ericales. Stamens twice as many as the corolla- 

 lobes, or us many and opposite them: ovary 2-co-celled: ovules 

 Dumerous (.except iu Epacridacese) : fr. fleshy or berry-like. 



A. Anthers dehisce by an apical cr*tek or 

 pore, often produced into a tube; sta- 

 mens usually S or 10 (5 in some 

 Ericaceae). 

 B. Chlorophylless plants: polypetalous.lOS. Monotropace.e. 

 BB. Chlorophyll-bearing plants, 



c. Anthers inverted, at least at first; 

 polypetalous. 



D. Ovary 3-ceIled; shrubs 109. Clethrace^. 



DD. Ovary o-celled: low or acaules- 



cent plants 110. Pyrolace^. 



cc. Anthers erect; rarely polypetalous 



(Ledum) 111. Ericace^. 



AA. Anthers dehisce by longitudinal fis- 

 sures (see also EpigEea); stamens 5. 

 B. Plants shrubs or trees: carpels 4-5... .112. Epacridace.e. 

 BB. Plants low or acaulescent: carpelsS. . 113. Diapenslvce.e. 



Cohort 2. pRiMULALES. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes 

 and opposite them; ovary 1-celled; placentae free-central or basal. 



A. Ovary 1-ovuled 114. Plumbaoinace.e. 



AA. Ovary 2 to many-ovuled. 



B. Fr. capsular: herbs 115. Primulace-e. 



BB. Fr. indehiscent: trees or shrubs 110. MvRsiNACEiE. 



Cohort 3. Ebenales. Stamens as many as lobes of the corolla 

 and opposite them or twice as many, or co ; ovary 2-oo -celled; seeds 

 usually few and rather large: woody. 



A. Fls. usually bisexual; stamens usually 

 borne on the corolla. 

 B. Stamens 15-oo: ovary Inferior, 2-5- 



celied 117. Symplocace.e. 



BB. Stamens 5-10: ovary superior. 



c. Ovary l-celled at top IIS. Styracace.e. 



cc. Ovary 4-°o-celled 119, Sapotace.e. 



AA. Fls. di(Ecious; stamens usually free 



from corolla 120. Ebenace.e. 



Series 3. Bic.\rpell,\t.e. Ovary usually superior: stamens 

 alternate with corolla-lobes, as many as them or fewer: carpels 2, 

 or rarely 1 or 3. 



Cohort 2. Gentiaxales. Corolla reg:ular: stamens alternate 

 with corolla-lobes and equal to them in number, or, if fewer, 

 usually alternate with carpels: Ivs. usually opposite. 



A. Stamens 2, alternate with the carpels, 

 rarely 4; stigma terminal; ovary 

 2-celled ; ovules affixed to septum : 



rarely herbaceous 121. Oleace.e. 



AA. Stamens and corolla-lobes usually 5, 

 sometimes 4, rarely oo. 

 B. Ovary usually compound, with 2 or 3 

 (rarely 4 or 5 ) cells or placentse. 

 c. Caps, mostly 2-celIed: Ivs. con- 

 nected by transverse lines or stip- 

 ules 122. Looaniace.e. 



cc. Caps, mostly 1-celled, with parie- 

 tal placentse: Ivs. not connected 



as above 123. Gentianace.e. 



BB. Ovaries 2, usually becoming follicles. 

 c. Anthers permanently attached to a 

 large stigmatic body; pollen 



mostly in waxy masses 124. Asclepiadace.e. 



cc. .\nthers distinct or merely con- 



nivent; pollen ordinary 125. Apocynace.g. 



Cohort 2. Polemoniales. Corolla regular: stamens as many 

 as lobes of corolla: Ivs. usually alternate: ovary l-oo-o\'uled. 



A. Pistil 3-merous; corolla-lobes con- 

 volute 120. POLEMONIACE.E. 



AA. Pistil not .3-merous. 



B. Corolla-lobes imbricated or rarely 

 convolute. 

 c. .Style u.sually deeply 2-cut, or even 

 split into 2 distinct styles: caps. 

 1-celled, 2-valved, with 2 parie- 

 tal or int roflexed placenta, or 



sometimes 2-ceUed 127. Hydrophyll- 



cc. Style usually entire or shortly 2- [ace^. 



cut, rarely otherwise; ovary 4- 

 ovuled, usually 4-lobed and 

 maturing as 4 separate or 

 separable nutlets; or not lobed, 

 3— 4-relIed, and separating when 



ripe into 2 or 4 nutlets 128. Boraoinace.e. 



BB. Corolla-Iimb more or less pficate or 



rarely imbricate. 



C. Ovary 2-celled (sometimes 3- or 



spuriously 4-celled, becoming a 



globular 4-6-seeded caps.: seeds 



basal 129. Convolvulace* 



cc. Ovary 2-celled (rarely .3-5-celled), 

 with numerous ovules on ex- ^ 

 panded axillary placenta;, be- 

 coming a pod or berry 130. SoLANACEiE. 



CCC. Ovary 5-30-cellod, .5-30-lobed, 

 often transvcr.sely as well as 

 longitudinally so 131. Nolanace^. 



Cohort 3. Perso-N'ale3. Corolla usually irregular or oblic]ue: 

 posterior stamen differing from the others, abortive or even absent: 

 carpels oo-ovuled, or with 2 ovules, one above the other. 



A. Seeds usually with endosperm: ovary 



perfectly 2-celled; placenta; central. . .132. Scrophclaria- 

 AA. Seeds without endosperm. [ce^. 

 B. Plants insectivorous, often aquatic: 

 ovary 1-celled, globose, with a free- 

 central or basal placenta 133. Lentibdlaria- 



BB. Plants not insectivorous; not aquatic. [ce^e. 



c. Seeds winged: ovary 2-, rarely 1-, 



celled: trees or climbing shrubs.. . 134. BiONONiACEiE. 

 cc. Seeds not winged. 



D. Ovary l-celled or falsely 2-4- 

 celled. 



E. Fr. straight or spiral 135. Gesneriace*. 



EE. Fr. falcate-rostrate 136. Martyniace.«i. 



DD. Ovary 2^4-celled. 



E. Plant very mucilaginous: no 

 hooks among seeds: fr. often 



hooked or spiny 137. Pedaliace^. 



EE. Plants not conspicuously mu- 

 cilaginou.s ; hooks in caps, 

 aiding in seed-dissemination. 138. AcANXHACEiC. 



Cohort 4. Lamiales. Corolla usually irregular or oblique: pos- 

 terior stamen smaller than the others, usually abortive or quite 

 deficient: carpels with 2 ovules placed side by side, or else 1-ovuled 



A. Fr. not divided into 4 nutlets: ovary 

 not 4-lobed. 

 B. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. 



c. Fls. in heads: plant often heath- 

 like 139. Globitlariace.£. 



cc. Fls. in slender interrupted spikes. . . 140. Phrymace^, 

 BB. Ovary 2-10-celled. 



c. Cells with 2-10 ovules: trees or 



shrubs 141. Myoporace^. 



cc. Cells with 1 ovule: herbs or shrubs. 142. Verbenace.h. 

 \A. Fr. divided into 4 nutlets: ovary 4- 



lobed 143. LABiAT.ffl, 



Anomalous Family. Remarkable for 



its scarious 4-lobed corolla: stamens few; 

 ovary 1-1-celled: fr. a circumscissile caps., 

 or rarely indehiscent; seeds peltate 144. PLANXAQiNACEi;. 



Subclass 3. Apetal.eor Monochlamyde^. Corolla wanting 



or undifferentiated from the calyx (except it) some Euphorbiaceae 

 and one genus of Phytolaccacese), and sometimes also the calyx 

 wanting; perianth simple, the lobes or segms. in 1 or 2 series, 

 similar among themselves and usually calyx-like, sometimes 

 minute or wanting. (See also Ranunculaceae, Flacourtiaceae, 

 Slenispermacese, TrochodendraceEe, Hosaceae, I>ythraceie, Ona- 

 graceae, Hamamelidacese, Rutaceae, Aceraceae, Rhamnacese, Eucom- 

 miaceae, Cornaceae, and Caryophyllacese with corolla sometimes 

 absent.) 



Series 1. Curvembrye.e. Embryo curved, excentric, lateral or 

 peripheral, rarely straightish, subcentral and narrow (Polygon- 

 aceae); ovule solitary in the ovary or in each carpel or in the Ama- 

 rantacete more then 2 ovules erect in the center of the cell: fls. 

 bisexual or, in a few genera, unisexual or polygamous; petals very 

 rarely present; stamens as many as the perianth-segms, or fewer, 

 rarely more. 



A. Fr. the hardened or membranous 

 closed base of the corolla-like peri- 

 anth with a utricle inclosed 145. Nyctaqinace.e. 



AA, Fr, a utricle; ovule not orthotropous; 



embryo annular or spiral: perianth 



mostly persistent, small 4-5-lobed, 



or parted, or 0. 



B, Pe'rianth herbaceous, or scarious at 



the margin, persistent; stamens 



perigynous; style branched or 



styles 2-3: stipules scarious 



(Illecebraceae, inch in Caryophyllacese). 

 BB. Perianth dry, chaff-like, not herba- 

 ceous, subtended by a bract and 2 

 bractlets; stamens hypogynous or 

 perigynous; filaments connate at 

 base ; style simple or 2-3-fid : 



stipules 14(). Amarantace^. 



BBB. Perianth-lobes or -segms. membran- 

 ous or herbaceous; stamens hypogy- 

 nous or perigynous, nearly always 

 free; style simple or 2-3-lobed, or 

 styles 2-5: stipules none 147. Chenopodiace*. 



