KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND GENERA 



84 



m. Fr. composed of 1 to several carpeU, 



which arc crowdetl or connate in a 



ring, each with a style, baccate, cori- 

 aceous or siiniaiMid; oviile not ortho- 



Iropoiis: embryo coik-a: stamens 



h\iHicvnovis; perianth herbaceous or 



^S^u"raA.ly membranous.. . . . US. Phvtol.vccacb;b. 

 4AVV. Fr. an achene. trianRular or lens- 



shalied; stvle branched or styles .J -vi; 



ovule orthotropous; embryo straight: 



perianth herbaceous, membranous or 



coloroil. rarely adherent to base of 



^■^^il.-Se '". .". .t'!":"!" . .". ''l49. PoLvao^^c.^. 



Series 2. MtTinovci^Tai Tekrestres. Terrestrial herbs or 

 shrubs, often climbers: ovary syncarpous; ovules in each cell or on 

 each placenta numerous. 



A FI.*. dioecious: ovary superior: h's. 



fcarii^^endrils and pitchers , . .150. Nepenthace.^. 



A.\. Fls. bi-sexual: ovary inferior: Ivs. with- ,„„„,. 



out tendrils and pitchers lol. Aristolochia-^ 



Series 3. Micrembrte.e. Ovary syncarpous, mono^carpoua or 

 aixSaroous; ovules solitary for each carpel, rarely 2 or few; endos 

 perm copious, fleshy or mealy; embryo minute. 



A. Perianth 0. , „ . , o 



B. Lvs. alternate: carpels 3-1: ovules ^ 



to several: stamens 3-6 152. SAtJRURACE.E. 



BB. Lvs. alternate, rarely opposite or 

 whorled: carpel 1: ovule 1, basal: 



stamens 2^8. • • • -l^S- P.pebace.e. 



BBB Lvs. oDPOsite: carpel 1: ovule 1, 



jindent: stamens 1-3 154. Chloranthace/e. 



aa. Perianth calyx-Uke. . , , „ 



"■ ^ernat^"''"^! ."'."". "' .'155. Mtristicace.^. 

 BB. Carpels several, together with the 

 stamens scattered over the face of 

 the cup-shaped receptacle 156. Monimiace/e. 



Series 4. Daphn-e*. Ovary monocarpous. 1-celled. rarely syn- 

 carpous with 2^ cells; ovules solitary, or twin and side by side in 

 the ovary or in each cell, rarely a few pairs superposed. 



A. Radicle superior; ovule solitary, pendu- 

 lous. 

 B. Anthers dehiscing by uplifting 

 valves, rarely laterally dehiscent: 

 perianth-tube short, lobes 6 or 4, 

 in 2 series, usually imbricated: 



ovary 1-celled: woody 157. LAnRACE.E. 



BB Anthers normal: perianth-tube long; 

 lobes 4-5. imbricated: ovary 1-2- 



celled: woody 158. Thvmel.gace.e. 



AA. Radicle inferior. 



B. Perianth-tube cyhndraceous; lobea 

 4, valvate; stamens as many and 

 opposite them: ovule erect or pen- 

 dulous. or geminate, rarely a>. . . . . 159. Photeace.g. 

 BB. Perianth-tube medium, constricted 

 above the ovary, persistent at base, 

 deciduous above; lobes 2 or 4; sta- 

 mens twice as many as the lobes: 

 rilvery-scaly plants: woody IbO. El^aonace.e. 



Series S. Achi.amydospore«. Ovary l-celled; cells 1-3-ovuled; 

 celU and ovules often inconspicuoui) before anthesis; endosperm of 

 wed Without a coat, either free in the pericarp or attached to its 

 walls: plants often parasitic. 



not easily distinguishable 



, Ovule 1, 

 from ovary. 



. 161. I>ORANTHACE.E. 



EE. Stamens not elastic: ovule ^^ 



suspended, anatropous Ibb. 



DD. Male periantli wanting, some- 



tiiiu's •ii-owii to the bract in 



JuKlMiuhiccie; stamens <», 



often 2 ill Myricacece. 



E. Lvs. pinnate: male fls. in 



catkins: woody .■ • • ■ l*^^* 



EE. Lvs. simple; male intl. spioate, 

 subamcntaeeous: woody. 

 F. Carpel 1; placenta parietal: 



ovule amphilropous 168 



FF. Carpels 2; placenta basal: 



ovule orthotropous. ..... 169, 



BB. Ovules 2; stamen 1: equisetum-like 



plants; woody v/i'^^" 



AA. Ovary 2-3-ocUed, rarely more-celled. 



B. Endosperm usually copious: fr. 



usually separating into 2-valved 



berries, sometimes fleshy and inde- 



hisoent, or various: infl. various. 



c. Hypogynous disk present: imcro- 



pyle externally directed; juice 



often milky ■. ■ ■ • 1' 1- 



cc. Hypogynous disk absent; micro- 



pyle toward axis; no milky iuice..l72. 

 BE. Endosperm 0; fr. a nut: male infl. 

 usually in catkins: woody, 

 c. Carpels 2: pistillate fls. usually in 



cc. Carpels 3: pistillate fls. not in 



spikes 174. 



U LMACE.B. 



JuaLANDACE.^E. 



. Leitneriace.e. 

 , Myhicace.e. 

 . Ca8uarinace.b. 



EuPHORBIACEJli. 

 BUXACE.E. 



betulace.e. 

 Fagace«. 



Anomalous Families. Somewhat related to the Uni- 



. 175. Salicace.e. 



AA. Ovules 1-3, pendulous from summit of 



free-central placenta 162. Santalace.e. 



Series 6. Unisexoales. Fls. unisexual; ovary syncarpous or 

 monocarpou.s; ovule solitary or in pairs side by aide in the ovary or 

 in each cell : trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. 



A. Ovary 1-celled. 

 B. Ovule solitary; stamens 2 to many, 

 c. FU. of both sexes in globose long- 

 peduncled pendent heads, 

 crowded very aen.sely on a cen- 

 tral receptacle: radicle inferior: 



woody. , : • • 163. Platanace*. 



cc. Fls. not as above: radicle superior. 

 D. Male p<;rianth free from the 

 bract; stamens tu* many as its 

 lofx.-s and opposite them, or by 

 abortion fewer, rarely numer- 

 ous. 

 I. Stamens uncoiling elastically. 

 r. Ovule suspended, anatro- 



poilli 164. MOBACE.B. 



FT. Ovule basai, orthotropous. .16.5. Ubticace-b. 



Series 7. 



sexuales. 



A. Fls. in catkins: caps. 2-4-valved: 



woody • ■ ■ .• ;■■•.■■■, 



AA Fls. axillary, or rarely in a terminal 

 head- drupe 2-o>-stoned, stones 

 l-seeded: low shrubs 176. Empetrace*. 



Class 2. GYMN08PERM.E. Ovules naked upon a scale, bract or 

 disk: cotyledons 2 or more; fls. unisexual. 



■^'b':' The"v1.'.7an-lhaped: fls. in pairs 177. Ginkgoace*. 



BE. The lvs. not fan-shaped. , 



c. Perianth present; no resin-tubes, 



but true vessels in wood ■ 178. (jNETace*. 



cc. Perianth wanting; no true vessels, 

 but resin-tubes present. 



D. Ovule solitary, ariUate 179. Taxace.e. 



DD. Ovules in cones, not ariUate 180. riNACE*. 



AA Lvs. pinnatisect. ample, crowded at 



apex of the woody st.: fls. of both p_^^.„„„ 

 sexes in cones 181- Ctcadace.e. 



Subdivision 2. Monocotyledons. St. without central pith 

 or annular layers, but having the woody bundles distributed irregu- 

 larly through it (a transver-se section showmg the bundles as dots 

 scattered through the cellular tissue): embryo with a single cotyle- 

 don early lvs. always alternate: parts of the fl. usually in 3 3, 

 never in S's: lvs. mostly parallel-vemed. 



Series 1 MlCR08PEnM.E. Perianth corolla-like, at least inside: 

 ovary inferior, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentaj, or rarely 3-:celled 

 with axile plicentie: seeds very small and numerous; without 

 endosperm. 



A FU regular, usually unisexual; sta- 



mensSsualiy 2, 6, or9: aquatic herbs 182. Hydrochasi- 

 AA Fl.s. usually very irregular; stamens and [tace«. 



styles connate into a column; anther 

 1 rarely 2; terrestrial or epiphytic 

 herbs, rarely cUmbers 183. Orchidace*. 



Series 2. EpiaYN.E. Perianth corolla-like, at lea.st within : ovary 

 generally inferior: endosperm copious. 



A. Fh. normally uni.sexual; stamens 6, or 

 those opposite the inner perianth- 

 lobes imperfect or deficient; ovary 



3-celled: seeds 2 : • • • 184. Dioscoreace.«. 



AA. Fls. normally bisexual, sometimes 

 polygamous or otherwise. 

 B. Stamens regular; perianth regular 

 or nearly so: embryo small, in- 

 cluded in the endosperm, 

 c Ovary 1-celled; endosperm sohd; 

 embryo minute: stamens 6, 



hooded 185- Taccacejb. 



cc. Ovary usually 3-celled. 



D. Stamens 3, opposite the outer 



lobes: endosperm horny ISO. Ihidace.e. 



DD. Stamens 0, rarely 3 and opposite 

 the inner lobes, rarely <» : 



endosperm fleshy. , 



B. Placenta; scarcely intruding... 187. AMARYLUDACEai. 



