104 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND (JENERA 



BB. Style-branches subterete, obtuse, 

 ix^vtTtxi wiih minute pftpillie; Ivs. 

 opI^K^Hi^o or alteruftte: Biithers sub- 



ontiro at base 2. EtJPATORirM 



i_i,. Heads with all perfect or some imp>er- (Tribe. 



feet fls.. with or without rays and 

 often >f llow. 

 B. Anthers tailed. 



c Style-branches Unear: heads with 



or without rays 3. Inula Tribe. 



CO. Style-branches united or short; 

 heads without rays; typically 

 with spiny or scarious appen- 

 dased, many-bracted involucre 



ana fleshy receptacle 4. Cynara Tribe, 



BB. Anthers not conspicuously tailed. 

 c. Style-branches m disk-tls. flattened 

 out, and with a distinct though 

 sometimes very short terminal 



anpendage 5. Aster Tribe. 



cc. Style-branches not flattened out. 



Note. — It is impossible to make a key to separate the follow- 

 ing tribes from one another. Some of the important characters 

 are italicized: 



ReceptacU chaffy or rarely naked under 

 the sterile disk-fis. : style-branches 

 truncate or appendaged or the style of 

 the sterile fls. undivided; pappus some- 

 times absent but generally of 2-4 awns, 

 which are slender or somewhat chaffy 

 and with or without intermediate 

 scales which are free or connate at base: 

 Its. opposite, rarely alternate 6. Helianthus 



ReceptacU nak^d; style-branches truncate |Tribe. 



or appendaged; pappus usually chaffy, 

 rarefy of awns or bristles, or absent: 

 Its. opposite or alternate: inrolucral 

 bracts in 1 or £ series, rarely 3-4, her- 

 baceous or membranous: herbage often 

 resinous-dotted 7. Helenium Tribe. 



Receptacle chaffy or naked ; style- 

 branches truncate; pappus when pres- 

 ent crown-shaped, rarely of short chaff: 

 Ivs. mostly alternate: involucral bracts 

 in 2 or more series, dry or scarious at 

 apex 8. Anthemis Tribe. 



Receptacle usually naked; style-branches 

 truncate or appendaged ; pappus 

 usually of bristles: Ivs. mostly alternate: 

 inner intolucral bracts in 1 series, sub- 

 egual, the outer ones small or wanting, or 

 rarely all imbricate in numerous series. . 9. Senecio Trjbe. 



Receptacle naked; style-branches trun- 

 cate or the style of the sterile fls. un- 

 divided; pappus absent or wool-like: 

 Its. usually alternate or radical: involu- 

 cral bracts in 1-2 series, subequal, nar- 

 row 10. Calendula Tribe. 



Receptacle naked, chaffy or alveolate; 

 Btyle-branches rounded at apex, obtuse 

 or rarely truncate or the style of the 

 sterile fls. undivided; pappus absent, or ■ 

 chaffy or crown-shaped: Ivs. radical 

 or alternate: involucral bracts in an 

 indefinite number of series, often scar- 

 ious at apex or spinescent 11. Arctotis Tribe. 



Series 2. Labiat«flor«. Corollas of 

 alloronlyof the bi-sexual fls. bilabiate 12. Mutisia Tribe. 



Series 3. I>iouliflor-g. Corollas all 

 hgulate and fls. bisexual: juice milky 13. Cichohium Tribe. 



//. Artificial Key to the Composite Tribes. 



(Condensed from Engler & PrantU) 



„ Plants without milky juice: corolla of 

 diak-fls. not ligulate fexcx'pt some of 

 the Muti.fia Tribe, recognized by the 

 peculiar style and caudate anthers), 

 B. Style below its point of branching 

 neither thickened nor with a ring 

 of long sweeping hairs. 

 c. Anthers not caudate. 



D. Style-branches awl-shaped, 

 acute, minutely hairy outside 

 and often on style below, stig- 

 matose over the whole inner 



face Vebnonia Tribe. 



DD. Style-branches subterete, ob- 

 tuse, covered with minute 

 papillse, stigmatose in 2 lines 



near the base Kupatohicm Tribe. 



DDD. Style-branches flattened, with 

 di«tinct though often short- 

 t«rminal. usually short-hairy 

 appendages, stigmatose in 2 

 lines Abter Tbibe. 



DDUU. Style-branches flattened, stig- 

 matose in 2 lines, very diverse 

 in form (i. e., truncate or ap- 

 pendiculate, but with a dis- 

 tinct tendency toward a ring 

 of long swcepinE hairs some- 

 where above the fork (transi- 

 tions frequent to the above 3 

 tribes). 

 E. Pappus not capillary, but 

 composed of scales, plumose 

 bristles, or strong awns, or 

 crown-like or wanting. 

 P. Involucral bracts without 

 scarious margins, rarely 

 with narrow nicinhraiious 

 margins (in snnif gi-mra 

 which may be separatc'd 

 by strongly developed 

 scaly pappus from the 

 Anthemis Tribe). 



G. Chaff present Helianthus Tribe. 



GG. Chaff absent Helenium Tribe. ^ 



FF. Involucral bracts scarious 

 margined: pappus or 

 reduced, sometimes uni- 

 laterally developed Anthemis Tribe. 



EE. Pappus capillary, simple Senecio Tribe, 



DDDDD. Style-branches of the bisexual 



fls. (which are sterile) almost 



or quite wanting, rarely of 



normal size, not stigmatose. 



E. Plants more or less completely 



dicecious: chaff 0. 



F. Involucral bracts in 1 row, 



of equal length (often with 



tiny bracteoles at the 



base) Petasites. 



FF. Involucral bracts in many 



rows Baccharis. 



EE. Plants not dicecious: heads 



bisexual. ' 



F. Chaff 0. 



G. Achene of female fls. 



with pappus of coarse 



or fine bristles or hairs, 



sometimes plumose. 



H. Involucral bracts in 



several rows 



Some members of Aster Tribe. 

 HH. Involucral bracts in 1 

 row, separate, with 

 tiny bracteoles at 



, base Tussilago. 



HHH. Involucral bracts in 1 



row, connate at base. Othonna and 

 GG, Achene of female fls. with [Gamolepis. 



scaly pappus - - Gutierrezia. 



GGG. Achene of female fls. with 

 no pappus. 

 H. Lvs. opposite or 



radical Osteospermum. 



HH. Lvs. alternate 



Some members of Calendula Tribe. 

 FF. Chaff present. 



G. Involucre not scarious, 

 nor woolly (see Milam- 

 podineae and Ambro- 

 siese of the Helianthus 

 Tribe). 

 GG. Involucre scarious mar- 

 gined ; inner bracts 



woolly Eriocephalus. 



CC. Anthers caudate. 



D. Style-branches awl-shaped, 

 aeutc, minutely hairy outside 

 and often on style below, stig- 

 matose on whole inner face. . . 



Members of Vernonia Tribe. 

 DD. Style-branches otherwise. 



E. Limb of corolla of bisexual fls. 

 5- (rarely 4-) toothed or 

 -lobed, rarely, in the Inula 

 Tribe, slightly 2-lipped. 



F. Plants dioecious Antennaria. 



FF. Plants not dicecious. 



G. Heads with filiform fe- 

 male marginal fls. , or 



fls. all alike. Some members of Inula Tribe. 

 GG. Heads with fls. of 2 sexes: 

 corolla of female fls. 

 (marginal) ligulate, 

 rarely tubular, with 

 broad regular or 2- 

 Upped limb. 



B. Pappus present 



Some members of Inula Tribe, 

 BH. Pappus Calendula Tribe. 



