lL\i 



KEY TO THE EAMILIES AND GENERA 



D. Pt'lalsi without Hgule:;!, connate, at 

 \enM toward base. 



E. The inti. siinplo 3. AreutUa. 



EK. The inti. compound 4. X idularium. 



DD. Pt tals with liKuios. free 5. Canistrutn. 



cc. Inrt. not surnnindcd hy a distinct involu- 

 cre: St. or scape tall. 

 D. Petals furnished wiili 2 Hgules inside. 

 E. Berries connate aniotig theniselvea 



and also to the bracts and axis G. Ananas. 



EE, Berries free. 



r. Sepals with long awns, or, if 

 awnless, the ovules with very 



long tails 7. Mchmea. 



(Sec also Echinostachys.) 

 FF. Sepals withovit awns or only 



obscurely awned: ovules obtuse.. 8. Quesntiia. 

 DD. Petals not provitled with ligulcs inside. 

 E. Fls. very flat and crowded into dense 



cones 9. Hohenbergia. 



EE. Fls. more or less loosely spicate on 



the branches of t he infl 10. Streptocali/x, 



BBB. Pollen-grains furnished with a longitudinal 



membranous groove 11. Bilibergia. 



A\. Ft. a dehiscent caps: ovarj' superior or nearly 

 so. 

 B. Seeds winged, or appendaged: pollen 

 grooved. 



C. Ovary semi-superior 12. Pitcairnia. 



cc. Ovary superior. 



D. Fls. of 2 forms and dioecious 13. Ilechtia. 



DD. Fls. all the same form. 



E. Petals free to the very base 14. Piuja, 



EE. Petals coalesced toward the base 15. Dyckia, 



BB. Seed with a long, plumose appendage: ovary 

 superior, 

 c. Petals free. 



D. The petals ligulate inside 16. Vriesia. 



DD. The petals not ligulate inside 17. TilUiiulsia. 



cc. Petals connate or intimately conglutinate. 18. Guzmania. 



(See also Massangea.) 

 Catopsis and Xeoglaziovia are also in cultivation. 



194. LILIACE-ffi. 

 /. Summary of Tribes, 



Ignoring many exceptions. 



Series 1. Anthers introrsely dehiscent: fr. u.sually berry-like: 

 plant not bulbous, usually scaly at the base of the st. and leafy 

 above, sometimes with a scaly scape. 



A. Stigma not broadly peltate. 



B. Ovules orthotropous or hemianatro- 



pous: "foliage" abnormal, in the 



Smilax Tribe 3-5-nerved but with 



netted veinlets; in the .\sparagus 



Tribe If. -shaped or needle-like 



"phylloclades" are present. 



C. Anthers abnormal, the inner valve 



of each cell being so narrow that 



the open anther seems to be 



1-celled: st. sarmentose or scand- 



ent 1. Smilax Tribe 



cc. Anthers normally 2-celled, or cells 

 confluent at apex: st. branched 



or scandent 2. Asparagus Tribe. 



BB. Ovules anatropous, rarely hemiana- 

 tropous in the Luzuriaga Tribe, 

 c. St. shrubby and branehed, or 



scandent 3. Luzuriaga Tribe. 



cc. St. herbaceous, unbranehed or 



sparingly branched; leafy above.. 4. Solomon's Seal 

 ccc. Stemlcss herbs with Ivs. clustered [Tribe. 

 on the rhizome and often 

 inclosed (together with the 

 lateral leafless scape) by sheath- 

 ing scales at the base 5. Lily-of-the- 



AA. Stigma usually very broadly peltate: [Valley Tribe. 



Ivs. on the rhizome few, ample: scape 

 very short and 1-fld. or bearing aden.se 

 spike at apex 6. Aspidistra Tribe. 



Series 2. Anthers introrsely dehiscent: fr. loculicidally delas- 

 ceot, rarely indehiscent or berry-like: Ivs. on a rhizome, or densely 

 crowded at the apex of a caudex, or forming a bulb at the base 

 of the scape. 



A. Anthers with a pit on the back into 

 which the filament intrudes. 

 B. LvH. linear or membranouH, crowded 

 on a short rhizome: perianth cylin- 

 drical, fun nel-tih aped, or bell- 

 shaped 7. Lemon-I-ily or 



BB. Lvs, usually thick, fleshy or rigid, [Hemerocallis 



•tometimes spiny: rhi7.ome hard, [Tribe. 



(Au-ti extended above ground into 

 a wfKKly caudex: perianth-segms, 

 connivent or connate into a tube or 

 sometimes with spreading tips. ... 8. Aloe Tribe. 



AA. Anthers not pitted (sometimes slightly 

 pitted in the .\spho<iel Tribe): Ivs. 

 not thick, and fleshy as in a century 

 plant. 

 b. Rootstock, if any, rhizomatous; rhi- 

 zome usually short, oftei. very 

 short in Asphodel Tribe, some- 

 times produced into a woudy cau- 

 dex in Dractena Tribe (see also bb). 

 c. Seeds flesliy: perianth marcescent. 9. Ophiopogon 

 cc. Seeds not fleshy. [Tribe, 

 D. Perianth tubular-bellshaped, 

 connate, per.sistent; infl. race- 

 mose 10. Aletris Tribe. 



DD. Perianth shaped like a bell or 

 cylinder, rarely a funnel, the 

 segins. usually distinct, decid- 

 uous; infl. often panicled 11. Drac.e.n'a Tribe. 



DDD. Perianth-segins. usually dis- 

 tinct and spreading, decidu- 

 ous; infl. sparingly branched, 



if at all 12. Asphodel Tribe. 



bb. Rootstock bulbous as a rule: in the 

 Onion Tribe sometimes a conn and 

 rarely a very short rhizome; bulb 

 usually tunicatcd, but in the Tulip 

 Tribe often scaly. 

 c. Stemless plants with the infl. ter- 

 minal on a leafy scape. 

 D. Infl. an umbel with an involucre 



of at least 2 bracts 13. Onion Tribe, 



DD. Infl. a raceme, or rarely a 



spike 14. Squill Tribe. 



cc. St. leafy, or at least with 1 If.: fis. 



few or in a lax raceme 15. Tulip Tribe. 



Series 3. Anthers usually introrsely affixed but extrorsely 

 dehiscent (the whole Colchicum Tribe exceptional): fr. u.sually a 

 septicidal caps., rarely loculicidal or in the Medeola Tribe an 

 indehiscent berry. Plant.s fibrous-rooted, rarely cormous or 

 bulbous. 



A. Fr. a berry: plant not bulbous: Ivs. few, 



subradical or whorled on the st 10. Medeol.\. or 



AA. Fr. a caps, rarely, in the Bellwort |Cucumber-Root 

 Tribe, a berry. [Tribe. 

 B. Anthers introrsely dehiscent. The 

 only tribe in Series 3 with a corm- 

 ous rootstock 17. Colchicum or 



BB. Anthers extrorsely dehiscent, rarely [Autumn Crocus 

 otherwise in the Narthecium Tribe: [Tribe, 

 plants not bulbous except some- 

 times in False Hellebore Tribe. 

 c. St. -Ivs. smaller than the radical Ivs. 

 which are either crowded or 

 petiolate), sometimes very small 

 or 0: caps, .septicidal or loculi- 

 cidal 18. Narthecium 



cc. St. leafy, herbaceous or high cHmb- [Tribe. 



ing: Ivs. alternate, sessile or 



clasping, without sheath 19. Bellwort or 



ccc. St. usually tall, leafy or hardly so [Uvulahia Tribe. 

 beyond the radical Ivs.: plants 

 not bulbous or bulbous; anthers 

 with contiucnl cells, roundish- 

 peltate after dehiscence 20. False Hellebore 



[or Veratru.m Tribe. 



//. Key to the Tribes. 



1. Smilax Tribe. 



A. Perianth G-parted 1. Smilax. 



\A. Perianth undivided; mouth minutely toothed.. 2. lietero- 



[smilax, 



2. Asparagus Tribe. 



A. Filaments connate into a little urn, with the 

 anthers sessile at the mouth of the urn. 

 B. Anthers 3; fls. clustered on the middle of the 



face of the phylloclade 3. Ruscus. 



BB. Anthers 6; fls. clustered on the margins, or 



rarely at the middle of the phylloclade. ... 4. Semde. 



BBB. Anthers G; fls. terminal in short racemes 5. Danae. 



AA. Filaments free 6. Asparagus. 



J. Luzuriaga Tribe. 



A. Fls. large or rather large, solitary or few; peri- 

 anth-segins. erect; ovary I-celled with 3 

 parietal placentiB. 

 B. Lvs. 3-5-nerved: perianth-segms. of about 



equal length.. 7. Lapngeria. 



BB. Lvs. 1-nerved: outer perianth-segms. much 



smaller than inner S. Fhilesia. 



AA. Fls. small; perianth-segms. spreading; ovary 

 3-cellcd: lvs. with oo slender nerves. 



B. The fls. clustered in the axils 9. EuMrephus. 



BB. The fls. niostly terminating the branches. . . . 10. Geitono- 



Iplesium, 



