NAME-LIST 



ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF LATIN NAMES OF SPECIES 



The technical or botanical name of a plant is a combination of two words, — the generic word, common to the 

 entire group or genus; the specific or particular word, designating the given species: as Briza maxima, the large 

 briza, B. minor, the small briza, and B. media, the intermediate briza. The second or species-word usually is an 

 adjective descriptive of some feature of the plant, although it is sometimes geographical, as Ahies sibirica, the 

 Siberian abies, or commemorative, ;is ,1. Fraseri, Fraser's abies. Although the species-word is not always designa- 

 tive and is sometimes even inapplicable, nevertheless the student is aided if he knows what the word means in 

 English translation; and the following list is inserted to supply this knowledge for characteristic Latin or Latin- 

 izcil descriptive adjectives (in some cases nouns in the genitive or in apposition) applied to the species of plants. 

 These words are hkely to be u.sed in differing meanings in different genera and as appUed by different authors; 

 in many cases, they do not follow the u.sages of classical Latin: therefore a list of this kind cannot be exact or 

 give all the meanings in which the words may be apphed as specific names. The generic names (the first word 

 in the combination) need not be listed here, for they are not adjectives of description but made-up substantives; 

 and, moreover, their origins are explained at the entries in the text. 



The species-adjective is made to agree with its genus in gender: thus the Latin adjective aureus (golden) takes 

 the regular masculine termination in Calochorlus aureus, because Calochortus is masculine; the feminine termination 

 in Atbuca aurea; the neuter in Acrostichum aureum; in Sorbus it is feminine (<S'. aurea) even though the generic 

 name is masculine in form, because most trees are feminine whatever the termination of the name. In the follow- 

 ing list, for convenience most of the adjectives are printed in the masculine form. The leading exceptions are 

 those that terminate in -fer and -ger, meaning "bearing," these being given in the feminine form. 



The above examples illustrate prevailing terminations of species-words. Other adjectives have other forms, 

 as niger, nigra, nigrum (black) ; asper, aspera, asperum (rough) ; acaulis, acaule (stemless) ; the termination -ensis 

 (belonging to, citizen of), as in canadensis, canadense {not -um). Commemorative personal species-names may be 

 in the genitive or in the form of an adjective; as Stanhopea Lindleyi^ Lindley's stanhopea; Selenipedium Lindley- 

 anum, Lindleyan selenipedium. If the person's name ends in a hard consonant, the termination (under the 

 recent \'ienna code) is in double ii, as Canna Lamhertii. If for a woman, the termination is feminine, as Acacia 

 Wayx. Substantive names in apposition hold their own termination, and the word in such cases should begin 

 with a capital letter, if it is a proper name or an old generic name, as Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Artemisia Absinthium, 

 Bignnia Rex. Such words are usually old generic names or prominent vernacular substantives, and they com- 

 monly record some historical connection of the plant. 



In all the regular entries in the Cyclopedia the pronunciation is indicated (see explanation p. xii); but it ia 

 also indicated again in the following lists: when the emphatic syllable is indicated as ending in a vowel and with a 

 grave accent, the vowel is pronounced long, as acutifb lius, pit milus; when it ends in a consonant and is marked with 

 an acute accent, the vowel is short, as mdx imus, arvin sis. There are differences of practice in the pronouncing 

 of many of the names in this Ust, but the list represents the method in this Cyclopedia; and if it should so 

 happen that there are any inconsistencies between the list and the text, it is desired that the hst shall hold. 



\'erj' man}' names are compounded from generic or subgeneric names, representing similarity or Hkeness to. 

 These the reader will be able to recognize at once, and they need not be entered in this hst. Examples are: 

 achilleseffdvis, achillea-leaved; oc/tiHeoidcs, achillea-like;acTOsh'cAoides, acrostichuni-like;6eHidi^o7T/s, beUis-flowered; 

 lamiifolius, lamium-leaved; xiphioides, xiphium-like; tremuliformis, tremula-formed or -shaped; cacaliopsis, 

 cacalia-like; atriplicis, atriplex-like; scillaris, scilla-like. 



The glos.'^ary, beginning page 160, will be helpful in giving other botanical equivalents and in accounting 

 for other words that are sometimes applied as species-names. 



abbreviS tus: abbreviated, shortened, 

 aborti vus: aborted, parts failing. 

 abrup tus: abrupt, suddenly changing 



in shape or character. 

 abyssfn icus: Abyssinian, 

 acaii lis: stemless. 

 aceph alus: headless, 

 acer bus: acerb, harsh or sour (taste). 

 acero! des: acer-Uke, maple-like, 

 acerd sus: needle-shaped, 

 aciculi ris: needle-like, 

 acidis simus: exreedinglysour. 

 ac idus: arid, sour, 

 acini ceus: scimetar-or saber-shaped, 

 a oris: a'-rid. sharp, 

 aculei tus: prickly, 

 acumini tus: acuminate, long-pointed, 



ta;<<;riii!<. 

 acutan gulus: acutely or sharply 



afiKl'-d. 



acutff idus : acutely or sharply cut. 

 acutifd lius: acutely leaved, sharp- 



acutQ obus : acutely lobed. 



acutipet alus: petals acute or sharp 

 (puintcil). 



acii tus: acute, sharp-pointed. 



admirab ilis: admirable, noteworthy. 



adna tus: adnate, joined to. 



adpres sus: pressed against. 



adscen dens: ascending. 



ads(irgens: rising to an erect posi- 

 tio/i, ascending. 



adun cus: hooked. 



ad venus: newly arrived, adventivo. 



aegypti acus: Egyptian. 



aem ulus: emulative, imiftiting. 



se neus: brazen, bronze-colored. 



sequinoctia lis: pertaining to the equi- 

 nox. 



xquipet alus: eqjal-petaled. 



serugind sus: rusty, rust-colored. 



£estiva lis: .summer. 



aesti vus: sunmier. 



aethiop icus: Ethiopian, African. 



affi nis: related (to another species). 



(148) 



africa nus: African. 



agavoi des: Agave-like. 



ageratoi des: ageratum-like. 



aggrega tus: aggregate, clustered. 



agra rius: of the fields. 



agres tis: of oi pertaining to the 



fields. 

 aizoi des: aizoon-Iike (Aizo on, an 



evergreen or tenacious plant). 

 ala tus: winged. 



albes cens: whitish, becoming white, 

 al bicans: whitish. 

 albicau lis: wtiite-stemmed. 

 al bidus: white. 

 albifld rus: white-flowered, 

 al bif rons : white - f ronded, white- 



herbaged. 

 albispi nus: white-spined. 

 albocinc tus: white-girdled, white- 



rrown<'d. 

 albospi cus: white-spiked, 

 at bus: white, 

 alcicor nis: elk-horned. 



