GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



169 



RosleUum. A little beak; particularly a projection above 



the stigma in the orchid flower. 

 RosuUi. A rosette, or dense more or less flat imbricated 



cluster of leaves. 

 Rosulate. In a rosula or rosette. 

 Rotate. Wheel-shaped; with short or obsolete tube and a 



flat and circular limb. 

 Rotund. Nearly circular; orbicular, inclining to be oblong. 

 Rudimentary. Incomplete; very little developed. 

 Ruminated. Chewed; particularly applied to wrinkled 



albumen in seeds that are irregularly channeled or 



pierced, as in nutmeg and in annona fruits. 

 Runcinate. Said of sharply lobed or cut leaves that have 



the segments directed backward. 

 Runner. A slender trailing shoot taking root at the nodes. 



Sabulose. Growing in or pertaining to sandy places. 

 Sagittate. Like an arrowhead in form; triangular with 



the basal lobes pointing downward. 

 Salver-shaped. With a slender tube and an abruptly ex- 

 panded flat limb, as that of the phlo.x; hypocrateriform. 

 Samara. Indehiscent winged pericarp, as of the maple. 

 Sap. The watery contents of a plant; an indefinite and 



undescriptive term little used by botanists. 

 Sapid. With a pleasant or savory taste. 

 Scabrous. Rough; feeling roughish or gritty to the touch. 

 Scale. A name given to manj- kinds of small mostly dry 



and appressed leaves or bracts; a vestige. 

 Scape. Leafless peduncle arising from the ground; it 

 may bear scales or bracts but no foliage-leaves, and 

 may be one- or many-flowered. 

 Scarious. Leaf-like parts or bracts that are not green, but 

 thin, dr}', and membranaceous, often more or less 

 translucent. 

 Scion. See Cion. 

 Scleroid. Of a hard texture. 



Scorpioid. Said of a cluster in which the flowers are 2- 



ranked and borne alternately at the right and the left. 



Seed. The ripened o^Tile; the essential part is the embryo, 



and this is contained within integuments. 

 Seedling. A young plant raised from seed ; a plant direct from 

 seed without the intervention of grafting of any kind. 

 Segment. One of the parts of a leaf, petal, calyx or perianth 



that is divided but not truly compound. 

 Self-fertilization. Secured by pollen from same flower; 



close-fertilization. 

 Self-pollination. Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil 



of same flower; close-pollination. 

 Sepal. One of the separate leaves of a calyx. 

 Separation. Multiplication of plants by means of naturally 

 detachable a.se.xual bodies or organs, as offsets, stolons. 

 Septate. Partitioned; divided by partitions. 

 Septicidal. Dehiscence along or in the partitions, not di- 

 rectly into the locule. 

 Septum. A partition. 

 Sessile. Not stalked; sitting. 



Set. Applied loosely to vegetative parts used in propaga- 

 tion, as to offsets, layers, root-cuttings. 

 Seta. A bristle. 

 Setiform. Bristle-shaped. 



Sheath. Any long or more or less tubular structure sur- 

 rounding an organ or part. 

 Shoot. A new plant from the root of the old plant; also 



any growing twig or axis. 

 Shrub. .\ woody plant that remains low and produces 



shoots or trunks from the base. 

 Silicle. The short fruit of certain Crucifera;. 

 SUique. The long fruit of certain Crueifera;. 

 Silky. A condition produced by a covering of soft ap- 

 pressed- 6ne hairs; sericeus. 

 Silvery. With a whitish metallic more or less shining luster. 

 Simple instil. Of one carpel. 

 Sinus. The space or recess between two lobes of a leaf or 



other expanded organ. 

 Slip. A softwood cutting "slipped" off or pulled off; applied 

 also to similar parts cut off. 



Smooth. Said of surfaces that have no hairiness, roughness 



or pubescence, particularly of those not rough. 

 Solitary. Borne singly or alone. 

 Sorus. A heap or cluster. The fruit-dots or -cluster of 



ferns (plural sori.) 

 Spadix. A thick or fleshy spike of certain plants, as the 



Araceae, surrounded or subtended by a spathe. 

 Span. Nine inches; distance from tip of thumb to tip of 



little finger when the hand is spread out. 

 Spathe. The bract or leaf surrounding or subtending a 

 flower-cluster or a spadix; it is sometimes colored and 

 flower-like, as in the calla. 

 SiKiwn. The dried mycelium of mushrooms used in 



propagation. 

 Spheroidal. A solid that is nearly spherical. 

 Spiciform. Spike-form. 



Spiculate. With a small, fleshy and erect point. 

 Spike. Compact, more or less simple indeterminate, mostly 



elongated cluster, with flowers sessile or nearly so. 

 Spikelet. A secondary spike; one part of a compound spike; 



particularly, one of the ultimate clusters in grpsses. 

 Spine. A strong and sharp-pointed woody body mostly 



arising from the wood of the stem. 

 Sjnnescent. More or less spiny. 

 Sirinule. A little or weak spine. 



Spontaneous. Said of plants that have escaped from cul- 

 tivation, but that do not permanently persist. 

 Sporangium. A spore-case; a sac or body bearing spores. 

 Spore. A simple reproductive body, usually composed of a 



single detached cell, and containing no embryo. 

 Sporocarp. A receptacle containing sporangia or spores. 

 Sporophyll. A spore-bearing leaf. 

 Spreading. Standing outward or horizontally. 

 Spur. A tubular or sac-like projection from a blossom, 



as of a petal or sepal; it usually secretes nectar. 

 Squama. A scale. 



Squamella. Very small squama or scale. 

 Stachys. In Greek compounds, signifying a spike. 

 Stalk. The stem of any organ, as the petiole, peduncle, 



pedicel, filament, stipe. 

 Stamen. The pollen-bearing or "male" organ. 

 Staminate. Having stamens and no pistils; male. 

 Staminode, statninodium. A sterile stamen, or a structure 

 resembling such and borne in the staminal part of the 

 flower; in some flowers (as in Canna) staminodia are 

 petal-like and showj-. 

 Standard. The upper and broad more or less erect petal 



of a papilionaceous flower. 

 Stem. The main axis of a plant; leaf-bearing and flower- 

 bearing as distinguished from the root-bearing axis. 

 Sterile flower. Without pistils. 



Stigma. The part of the pistil that receives the pollen. 

 Stigmatic. Pertaining to the stigma. 

 Stipe. The stalk of a pistil or other small organ; also the 



petiole of a fern-leaf. 

 Stipel. Stipule of a leaflet. 



Stipule. A basal appendage of a petiole; the three parts of 



a complete leaf are blade, petiole, stipules (usually 2) 



Stock. The part on which the cion is grafted; the strain or 



parentage. 

 Stolon. A shoot that bends to the ground and takes root ; 

 more commonly, a horizontal stem at or below sur- 

 face of the ground that gives rise to a new plant at its 

 tip. 

 Stone. The "pit" or putamen of a stone fruit. 

 Stool. A clump of roots or rootstock that may be used in 

 propagation: also an established low plant from which 

 layers are taken. 

 Stratification. The operation or method of burying seeds 

 to keep them fresh and to soften their integuments, or 

 to expose them without injury to frost, that they may 

 be more readil.v and successfully used in propagation. 

 Strict. Straight and upright, little if any branched, often 



rigid. 

 Strobile. Cone. 

 Strophiole. An appendage or protuberance at the hilum. 



