liM 



ALNUS 



ALNUS 



Usually propagation is b\' soods gat liorctl in t he fall and 

 well dried; sown in spring witli Imt sliplit covering, and 

 kept moist juul shail\', they germinate soon; a slight 

 covering with moss, taken off when the seedlings apjiear, 

 will be useful. At tlie end of the same year or tlie fol- 

 lowing spring, the seedhngs are transplanted, usually 

 into rows 1 to 2 feet apart and t) inelies from each other. 

 After two .\ears. they may be planted where they are to 

 stand. The slirubby species, also A. glutitutfui, grow 

 from hardwood puttings placed in moist and sandy 

 soil, also from layers, and A. iricuiin from suckers. 

 Rarer kinds are grafted on common potted stock in 

 early spring in the propagating-house; grafting out-of- 

 doors is rarely successful. 



164. Alnas japonica. 



INDEX. 



iQcina. 12. 

 japonica, 6. 

 laciniata. 8, 12. 

 maritima, 5. 

 Mitchelliana, 2. 

 oblonoatn, h, 12. 

 OTftjana, 10. 

 oxyacanthi/olia, 12. 

 p«ndula, 4. 

 pinnatiBda, 8, 

 pyrifolia. 7. 

 Totundifolia, 12. 



'ia, 12. 



rubra. 10. 

 rubrinerv 

 rugosa, 11. 

 .serrulata. 11. 

 tiliacea. 7. 

 tiliiefoUa, 7. 

 tinctoria. 9. 

 undulata, 1. 

 viridifl, 1, 2. 

 vulgaris, 8, 12. 

 yasba, 3. 



Alnobetula, 1. 

 aurea, 12. 

 barbata. 12. 

 communifi, 12. 

 cordata. 7. 

 ewdifolin, 7. 

 denticulata, 12. 

 fimui, .3, 4, 6. 

 gjauca, 8. 

 ^utinosa, 12. 

 unperialis, 12. 

 incana, 8, 9. 



A. PistiUate catkins terminal, inclosed during the winter 

 in the bud, opening in spring: jr. with broad mem- 

 branous uxing: winter-butis scxnile with 2 or more 

 uneqtuil scales. (Alnobetula.) 

 B. Lvs. ovate or elliptic, with H-IO pairs of veins. 



1. viridis, DC. (A. Alnobetula, Hartig. A. undulata, 

 Willd.j. El-ropea.v Gree.v Ar,DEn. Shrub, 2-6 ft.: lvs. 

 elliptic or ovate, to round-ovate, acute, usually nar- 

 rowed at the base, sharply serrulate, 1-2J^ in. long, 

 glutinous while young, bright green above, pale green 

 and glabrous beneath or pubescent on the veins: stam- 

 inate catkins 2-.33^ in. long; pistillate catkin.s with 

 glabrous or puberulous peduncles: cones .'i-4, oblong, 



slender-peduncled. March, April. Mts. of Eu. L.B.C. 

 12:1141. 11. \V. 2:14. 



2. Mitchelliana, Curt. (.4. viridis oi most American 

 authors). American Cirekn Alder. Shrub, 2-10 ft.: 

 young branchlets glabrous or sparingly' jiubescent: lvs. 

 ellipti(^ or ovatc-clliptic, acute or obtuse, rounded or 

 subcordate at the base, 1 },2-3 in. long, densely serrulate, 

 glutinous while young, with impressed veins above, 

 reticulate beneath ami glabrous: staminate catkins 2-3 

 in. long; pistillate catkins with ])ubescent peduncles: 

 cones ;5-t>, oblong, slender-iieduneled. March, Apr. 

 Mts. of N. E. Amer., west to Brit. Col., south to N. C. 

 — Hardy shrub with handsome bright green foliage, 

 very aromatic when unfolding and of very pleasant 

 effect in spring with its long male catkins; handsomer 

 than the preceding species. 



BB. Lvs. ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, with 12-2^. 

 pairs of veins. 



3. yasha, Matsum. (.4. fir ma var. ydsha, Winkl.). 

 Tree, to 30 ft.: young branchlets pubescent: lvs. ovate- 

 oblong, 2-4 in. long, acute, usually rounded at the base, 

 sharply and irregularly serrate, with 12-18 pairs of 

 veins, pubescent on the veins beneath: cones 1-3, ellip- 

 soid or sub-globose, 54'"- long, on slender peduncles 

 about 1 in. long. Japan. J.C.T. 16:2. 



4. pendula, Matsum. (A. f'lrma var. multinervis, 

 Regel). Tree, to 30 ft., or shrub: young branchlets 

 pubescent: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 

 2-4 in. long, irregularly and often nearly doublj' ser- 

 rate, with 18-24 pairs of veins, pubescent on the veins 

 beneath, at maturity nearly glabrous: cones 3-5, 

 ovoid, about J4in. long, in pendulous racemes, 1-2 in. 

 long. Japan. "S.I.F.2:12. J.C.T. 16:3.— Very hand- 

 some alder, still rare in cult.; the plant cult, under this 

 name is usuall.y the ])receding species. 



AA. Pistillate catkins axillary, appearing in autunm: 

 uinler-buds with 2 equal scales, stalked. (Gym- 

 nothyrsHS.) 



B. Fls. opening in tlie f(dl from catkins of the same year: 

 lvs. not plicately folded Mi. tlie bud. 



5. maritima, Nutt. {A. oblongata, Regel, not 

 Ait. nor Willd.). Tree, to :30 ft.: lvs. cuneate, 

 oblong or obovate, shining above, pale green 

 beneath, glabrous, remotely and crenately ser- 

 rate, 2-4 in. long: cones 2-4, large, on short, stout 

 peduncles. Del., Md. S.S. 9:458. G.F. 4:269. 

 Nutt., N. Amer. S. 1 : 10. — Ornamental shrub or small 

 tree with handsome shining foliage, attractive in 

 autumn with its male catkins. 



BB. Fls. opening in early spring before the lvs., from 

 catkins fornwd the previous year and remaining 

 naked during the winter. 



c. Lvs. not plicate in the bud, green beneath, veins arch- 

 ing: cones 1-6, long-stalked. 



6. japonica, Sieb. & Zucc. (A.firma, Hort., not Sieb. & 

 Zucc). Fig. 164. Tree, 50-80 ft.: lvs. cuneate, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and irregularly serrulate, 

 glabrous at length, bearded in the axils of the veins 

 beneath, 2-0 in. long: cones 3-6, peduncled. Japan. 

 G.F. 6:345 (adapted in Fig. 164). S.I.F. 1 : 19.— Tall, 

 pyramidal tree with dark green foliage: the largest and 

 perhaps the most beautiful of all alders. 



7. cordata, Desf. {A. cordifblia. Ten. A. tiliacea, 

 Hort.). Small tree, 20-50 ft.: lvs, cordate, ovate or 

 roundish, acuminate, 2-4 in. long, bearded in the axils 

 beneath, glandular when young: cones 1-3, ovoid, 

 about 1 in. long, peduncled; nutlets with narrow wing. 

 Italy, Cauciisus. L.B.C. 13: 1231. G.C. II. 19:285.— 

 Round-headed tree with handsome, distinct foliage, 

 changing orange-yellow in autumn, resembling that of a 

 linden or pear, therefore sometimes called A. tilisefolia 

 fir A. pyrifblia, in gardens. Not quite hardy N. 



