340 



AQUILEGIA 



AQUILEGIA 



spivii^s can bo ustxl to ailvantaKo in half-shaily positions. 

 Tho attraotivo fornis anil ricli variations in luit> of 

 aqailopias come out well when associated with heniero- 

 callis, Siberian irises, thalictnim.s, |)oly};(iMatunis, 

 ^'/)|■r.1(I FiliiMii)lula anil wild ferns. In the N'orlh, a 

 similar elToct is prodiii-ed by jfroupiiif; columbines 

 together witli while ami blue Lupiiius poliipliiiUiix, 

 Campanula iKTsicifotia, Irisgtniiaiiiai and /. jiiillitln var. 

 datmatiai. Iceland po])pies and trolliiis. For rockeries, 

 the low-growins early alpine species, such as .1 . (il/>iiia, A . 

 iS/imr/i'i and .{.jIhIhIIiiIii arc well adapted. Throughout 

 the middle and northern states, columbines need winter 

 protection, dry leaves being preferable for ci>\-ering. 



Seeds sown in [)ans, in colilframes in March, or oijcn 

 air in .^iiril, occiusionally bloom the first season, Ijtit 

 generally the second. The different species should 

 be some distance apart, if po.ssible, if pure seed is 

 dcsireii. ;us the most diverse species hybridize 

 directly. They may be propagated by division of 

 the roots in late fall, winter or early spring, but. 

 the better way is by seeds. Absolutely pure seed 

 is hard to obtain except from the plants in the 

 wild state; and some of the mixed forms are quite 

 inferior to the true species from which they have 

 come. .1. af-ridai, A. glnmlulosa, and A. I'ulgnris 

 are likely to flower onl_\- two or three years, and should 

 be treated as biennials; but ^-1. vitlgmia may be kept 

 active for a longer period by transplanting. 



A light sand_\- soil, moist, with good drainage, shel- 

 tered, but exposed to sim, is what aquilegias prefer. Some 

 of the stronger species, when of nearly full flowering size, 

 may be transplanted into hea\'ier garden soil, even 

 heavy clay, and made to succeed; but for the rearing of 

 young seedlings, a light, sandy loam is essential. The 

 seed of most columbines is rather slow in germinating, 

 and it is necessary to keep the soO moist on top of the 

 ground until tho young plants are up. A coldframe, 

 with moilium heavy cotton covering, is a good place to 

 prow tho plants. Tho cotton retains sufficient moisture 

 to keep the soil moist on top, and still admits sufficient 

 circulation of air to prevent damping-off of the young 

 seedlings. When large enough, the seedlings may be 

 pricked out into another frame for a time, or, by shad- 

 ing for a few days until they get a start, they may be 

 sot into the permanent border, or wherever they are to 

 be placed. (F. H. Horsford.) 



,6. 



alba. 9. 15, 16. 

 alba-plena, 13. 

 alpin.a, Ifj. 

 alrala, 9. 

 at ropurpurea, 4, 

 alroviolacea, 9. 

 aurea, 13. 

 bifolor, 10. 

 blinda, 9. 

 Buergeriana, 0. 

 Cffiruiea, 5, 1.5. 

 califomica, 11. 

 canadeniii.H, 5, 11, 13. 

 caryophylloiilcs, 19. 

 chry^^antha, 13. 

 flabcllata, 7. 

 flavescena, 5, 13. 

 flatifUrra, 5. 



INDEX. 



flore-alba, 7. 

 florc-pleno. 9, 10, 11, 



12, l.o. 

 foliia-aureis, 9. 

 formo3a, 11. 

 Garnieriana, 10. 

 ^lalidulosa, 17. 

 (ITaTuliflora, 13. 

 Helrma;, l.'». 

 hybrida, 9, 11, 1.5. 

 Ja;.schkanii, 13. 

 Jonesii, 1. 

 jucunda, 17. 

 lactiflora, 3. 

 leptoreras, 8, 13, 15. 

 lonKi^Hifna, 14. 

 lutca, 15. 

 macraiUha, 15. 



nana, 5, 13. 

 nana-alba, 7, 11. 

 nivea, 9. 

 olympica, 9. 

 oxysepala, 2. 

 nibra-pleno, 11. 

 .sibirica, 10. 

 Skinned, 12, 13. 

 upcciona, 10. 

 spfctabilis, 10. 

 utellata, 9. 

 Stuartii, 18. 

 superba, 11, 16 . 

 truncata, 1 1. 

 Vervaeneana, 9. 

 viridiflora, 4. 

 vulgari.s. 9. 

 Wittmanniana, 9 



A. Sepals not more than J^ or %in. long: expanded fls. 

 1 or l]/2 ^n. diam. 

 B. Ldmb of pettil ahorter than the aepal. 

 1. Jdnesii, Parrj'. Truest, very .short or almost want- 

 ing, »oft-pubf«cent: tufted root-lv.s. 1-2 in. high from 

 the stout, as«:nding branchis of therootstock, biternately 

 divide^]; partial-petioles verj' short or none; jfts. very 

 crowded: fls. blue; sepal.s oblong-obtuse, equaling the 

 spurs, and twice the length of the petal-limbs and 

 hea'i of stamens: follicles glabrous, large, nearly 1 

 in. long; stylos half as long; peduncles lengthening to 

 about ^ in. in fr. July. Wyoming and Montana. (j.F. 



'j-.'.icr,. 



2. oxysepala, Traut. tt Mey. Plant 2'4 ft., slightly 

 pubescent, abin'c: radical Ivs. long-petioled, secondary 

 di\isions sessile: sepals blue, ovate-lanceolate, much 

 exceeding in length the petal-limbs, which are 6 lines 

 long, white, rounded-truncate; st.amens not protruding 

 beyond the i)etal-limb; spur knobbed, bent inward, 

 sliorter than pclal-limb: follick's pulicscent, with styles 

 their own length. June. Siberia. — Said to be one of 

 the fir.st to bloom, and one of the most attractive 

 in the list. It is one of the most dwarfed; fls. large 

 blue, yellow and white; it comes so much before the 

 others that its pistils, as a rule, all fertilize before any 

 of the other species come into flower." Oidy recently 

 intro. to cult. 



3. lactiflora, Kar. & Kir. St. 1}^ ft. high, glabrous 



in the lower part: 

 partial -petioles of 

 root-lvs. n2-2 in. 

 long; Ifts. sessile or 

 short-stalked, 1 in. 

 long, many lobes 

 reaching half way 

 down; st.-lvs. pet- 

 ioled and com- 

 pound: fls. about 

 3 to a St.; sepals 

 nearly white or 

 tinged with blue, 

 over f2in. long, nar- 

 row; petal-limb half 

 as long as sepal; 

 spur liin., slender, 

 nearly straight, not 

 knobbed at tip; 

 stamens equal in 

 length to the limb. 

 June. Altai Mts., 

 Siberia. — A desir- 

 able species, but not 

 much planted. 



BB. Limb of petal 

 about equal to 

 sepal. 



4. viridifldra, 

 PaUas. St. 1-1 'a ft. 

 high, finely pubes- 

 cent throughout, 

 several -fld.: the 

 partial -petioles of 

 root-lvs. 1-2 in. long; Ifts. sessile or the end one shortly 

 stalked, lobes rather narrow and deep; lower st.-lvs. 

 potioled, biternate: sepals oblong, obtuse, ascending, 

 greenish, equaling the broad, greenish petal-limb, but 

 not reaching the head of stamens; sjiur straight, slender, 

 i/^in. long, not knobbed: pubescent follicles as short, as 

 their styles. Summer. E. Siberia. — Not so much used 

 as the following variety: 



Var. atropurp&rea, Vilm. (.1. alropxirpiirea, Willd.). 

 Limbs of the petals deep blue or lilac-purple, and the 

 sepals and spur somewhat tinged with the same hue. 

 B.R. 922. 



5. canadensis, Linn. Common Columbine of Amer. 

 Figs. 292, 293. Height 1-2 ft.: primary divisions of 

 jjctioles of root-lvs. 1-2 in., having 3 divisions; 2 or 3 

 of the st.-lvs. potioled, biternate: fls. sevor.al to a st.; 

 sepals yellowish or tinted on the back with red, about 

 J^in. long, not refiexing; limb of petals a little shorter, 

 yellowish, truncate; spur M'n. long, nearly straight, 

 knobbed at the end, bright red throughout; stamens 

 much protruding: folUcles ^in. long, with styles half 

 :is long. May-July. Stony banks, eiust of Rocky 

 Mountains. Introduced 1890. B.M. 24(). L.B.C. 9: 

 888. Mn. .5:21. R.H. 1S96, p. 109. F.W. 187S:,33.— 

 There are some beautiful hybrids of this and the blue 



292 Aquilegia canadensis. 



