37S 



ARBORICULTURE 



ARBORICULTURE 



ing lists. On the central Plains the quickly grown 

 trees may incliule the" same willows and cottonwood 

 and also the box elder. The silver maple will not do 

 well in the greater p;irt of this central region. On the 

 western Plains tlie list is essentially the same as for the 

 central portion: namely, the willows, cottonwood, and 

 the box elder, to wliicli may be added, here and there, 

 one or more of tlie western species of cottonwood. 



The horticultural point of view is to be considered. 

 About country homes the tirst trees are usually cotton- 

 wood, silver maple and box elder, followed later by green 

 ash and white ebn. Very commonly the red cedar is 

 phuited with the first-mentioned species, and often 

 bcotch and .\ustrian pines are added. It must be remem- 

 bered that the sett ler's house on the Plains stands in the 

 open instead of being hemmed in by forest trees, as in 

 the eastern parts of the American continent. The set- 

 tler's problem is to surround his house with trees, not 

 to clear the trees awaj'. In towns and cities the cotton- 

 wood, sih'er maple and box elder are generally the 

 pioneer trees, since they produce a shade sooner than 

 any others, and later these are gradually replaced by 





Trees fok Planting on the Great Plains. The 

 asterisks (*) indicate those trees that are not 

 native to the regions. 



358. Phoenix canariensis. One of the most serviceable 

 palms in California. 



green ash and white elm. Hackberry, black walnut and 

 buttonwood are occasionally planted with good success. 

 The species which are most largely used for wind- 

 breaks for orchards and other plantations are common 

 cottonwood, willow (a variety of Salix alba), silver 

 maple and box elder. The first mentioned, because of 

 its easy propagation, rapid growth and extreme hardi- 

 ness, is the favorite tree for this purpose. When land- 

 scape gardening is attempted, the Scotch and Austrian 

 pines, Norway spruce and red cedar are generally used, 

 and to these are often added one or more species of 

 the Rocky Mountain spruces. The most generally used 

 deciduous tree for this purpose is tlie white ehn (which 

 here attains to a singular beauty of form and foliage), to 

 which are occasionally added bur oak, black walnut and 

 Riissian olive (Ela;agnusJ, and in proper situations, the 

 white willow. The coniferous trees of greatest value for 

 ornamental purpo.ses on the Plains are the Austrian 

 pine, Scotch pin(! and red cedar. With proper care these 

 may be grown on all parts of the Plains where water 

 enough to maintain life may be obtained. On the 

 extreme ea.stem border, the Norway spruce and even 

 the balsam fir have proved valuable. Among deciduous 

 trefs the white elm holds first place, followed by the 

 hackberry (which is not so much planted as it deserves) 

 and the green ash. Charles E. Bessey. 



1. For the eastern plains. 



Abies bulsanic'u.* 

 Abies concolor.* 

 Acer platanoides.* 

 Ailanthus altissima.* 

 Carya ovata. 

 Catalpa speciosa.* 

 Celtis Occident alis. 

 Fraxinus americana. 

 Gleditsia triacanthoa. 

 Juglans nigra. 

 Picea alba.* 



Picea excelsa* (Fig. 356). 

 Picea pungens.* 

 Pinus austriaca.* 

 Pinus sylveatris.* 

 Prunus serotina. 

 Quercua alba. 

 Robinia Pseudacacia.* 

 SaUx vitellina.* 

 UlmusamericanaCFig. 357), 

 Ulmus fulva. 



and the following quick-growing but temporary trees: 



Acer Negundo. 

 .\cer saccharinura. 

 Populus Sargentii. 



2. For the central plains. 



Catalpa speciosa.* 

 Celtia occidentalis. 

 Fraxinus lanceolata. 

 Gleditsia triacanthos. 

 Picea canadensis.* 

 Pinus divaricata.* 



Salix amygdaloides. 

 Salix nigra. 



Pinna scopulorum. 

 Prunus serotina. 

 Robinia Pseudacacia.* 

 Ulmus americana. 

 Ulmua fulva. 



and the following quick-growing but temporary trees: 



Acer Negundo. Salix amygdaloidea. 



Populus Sargentii. Salix nigra. 



and in the southern parts: 



Elceagnus anguatifolia.* Pinus austriaca.* 



Madura aurantiaca, Nutt. Pinus sylvestris.* 



also black walnut and bur oak if seed is planted 

 where tree is to stand permanently. 



3. For the high western plains. 



Celtis occidentalia. 

 Juniperus scopulorum. 

 Pinna divaricata.* 



Pinua scopulorum. 

 Robinia Paeudacacia.'' 

 Ulmus americana. 



and the following quick-growing but temporary trees: 



Acer Negundo. Sails amygdaloidea. 



Populus acuminata. Salix nigra. 



Populua Sargentii. 



and nearer the mountains: 



Acer Negundo. 

 Acer platanoides.* 

 Elseagnus anguatifolia.* 

 Fraxinus lanceolata. 



Gleditsia triacanthos.* 

 Juglana nigra.* 

 Populua Sargentii. 

 Tilia americana.* 



Seeds or seedlings grown in the region in which they 

 are to be planted are the most reliable. Young trees 

 or seedlings succeed better than older and larger ones. 

 Varieties native in moist climates or in foreign countries 

 should be avoided unless their adaptability has been 

 proved. Young plants, like young animals, are easily 

 killed and must have extra care. c. L. Watrous. 



C. E. Bessey. 



Trees grown for shade and ornament in California. 



The mild and equable climate of California allows a 

 wide range of available species from which to select 

 trees for shade, ornament and shelter. There is, never- 

 theless, some considerable variation in the species, which 

 are characteristic of the plantings in different parts of 

 the state, that has arisen from variations in soil and 

 climatic conditions. 



On account of the long rainy season, the low humidity 

 of the atmosphere and the relatively high mean, and 

 freedom from low winter minima in temperatures, the 

 trees that thrive best in middle California are those 

 indigenous to the arid and semi-arid warm temperate 

 regions of the globe, e. g., southern Australia, the Medi- 

 terranean region, south .•\frica, northern Mexico and 

 Chile, together with those native species which deserve 

 a place. As one goes into the southern part of the state, 

 some of these species drop out and others markedly 



