4:>s 



BAl'HIMA 



BEAN 



robust :»ml lianly, urowiii}; to ;i licijilit of 1.') It. in less 

 than 2 ypar^. iiiul bliKHUS-all wiiitor ami spiiiif;. Wliat 

 is known as H. (ri/im/ni to Kla. cultivatoi's is iti'scribcd 

 as a very tcndor species but suceoediiig aiiiniral)ly 

 there; jirowlh hke tliat of B. iHirjiurcii but witli lonf!;er 

 willowy bnuu-hes that bear at the tips great dusters 

 of pink fls. in late autiuun or early winter, liclioately 

 soenterl. 



12. variegita, Linn. Much like B. purpurea in habit : 

 tree, tj-20 ft.: Ivs. 3—1 in. across, somewhat broarler 

 than long, ilividixl on(>-fc>urlh to one-tliinl the dejith, 

 D-U-nerve«l, lobes rouiukil; petiole 1-2 iu. long: fls. 

 about 7, in a short raceme or corymb, 4 in. acro.ss; 

 cal\-x spathe-like; petals 5, clawed, obovate-oblong, 

 veined, rase-eolored and variegated with red and yellow, 

 the lowest one larger, broader above the middle, 

 strongly marked with crimson: pod 1-2 ft. long. India. 

 B.M. liSlS.— The coloring of the fls. varies. Var. 

 cAndida, Hoxbg. (B. lilba, Buch-HiUii.). Height 12 

 ft.: tls. wliite. beautifully veined with groon: fls. Fcb.- 

 May. B.M. 7312. 



Numbers of bauhiniiis may be expected to appear in plantings 

 bIodk the southern borders. The following name.s have already 

 occurred: B. cdndicans, Bcnth. Closely related to li. furfieala. 

 Spiny: branchlets and racemes whitish tomento.se: Ivs. puliesceiit 

 below. 9-neri'ed: petals nearly 3 in. long. Uruguay, Argentina. — 

 B. Uodkeri, F. Muell. Large tree: Ifta. distinct, broad, very 

 obtu.**c. 5-7-nerved: fls. white, edged with crimson, in few-fid. 

 terminal racemes: petals clawed, the blade about IJ2 in. long 

 Au-ttral. — B. Hichardsoniit said to be from Mauritius; unidentified. 



L. 11. B.t 

 BAY TREE: Lauriu. 



BEAN. A name applied to various plants of the Legii- 

 minosse. The word is comnioidy used for herbaceous 

 plants of the Phaseolus trit)e, but it is sometimes em- 

 ployed for seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs. The 

 species of true beans (I'liaseolus and closely allied gen- 

 era) are yet imperfectly understood. The bean differs 

 from the pea, among other things, in being epigoal in 

 germination (cotyledons appearing above ground). 

 Some of the plants to which the name is applied are 

 really peas. 



The beans chiefly known to horticulture are of five 

 t\T)es: (1) The Broad bean {Vicia Fab.i), or the bean of 

 historj', an erect-growing plant, producing very large 

 and usually flat, orbicular or angular seeds. Probably 

 native to southwest Asia (Figs. 478, 479 n). ,See Vicia. 

 These tj-pes of beans are extensively grown in Europe, 

 mostly for feeding animals. They are either grown to 

 full maturity anrl a meal nuule from the bean, or the 

 plant is cut when nearlj- full grown and used as forage 



or made into 

 if/A silage. The 



Broad bean 

 needs a cool cli- 

 mate and long 

 season. In the 

 United States, 

 the summj'rs arc 

 too hot and dry 

 for its successful 

 cultivation on a 

 large scale, and 

 the plant is 

 jiractically un- 

 known here. In 

 C- a n a d a , the 

 [ilarit has been 

 used with com 

 to make .silage; 

 and this com- 

 bi nation has 

 bicn called the 

 "Kobertwm mix- 

 ture." (2) Kid- 

 ney bean {I'hn- 

 478. Bfoad bean— Vicia Faba. (.XVt) seolus vul- 



garis; Figs. 470f), ISO). This is the plant which is 

 everywhere known as bean in North America, com- 

 prising all the common field, garden, snap and string 



beans. By the 

 French it is known 

 as haricot, and by 

 the Spanish as fri- 

 joie, and these 

 words are often 

 finmd in our litera- 

 ture. Its nativity 

 is unknown, but is 

 probably of tropical 

 American origin. For in- 

 quiries into the nativity 

 of the bean, see DeCan- 

 dolle. Origin of Culti- 

 vated Plants; Gray & 

 Trumbull, Amer. 

 Join- Sci.26:l,S0; 

 Sturtevant, 

 Amer. Nat. 

 1887:332; Witt- 

 mack, Ber. der 

 Deutschen Bot. 

 Gesellschaft, 6: 

 .374 (1888). (3) 

 Lima or Sugar 

 beans (Phaseo- 

 lus lunaliis, which see). 

 Long-season, normally 

 tall - climbing plants, 

 producing large, flat 

 seeds (Figs. 479 c, 481). 

 Native to South Amer- 

 ica. See Bailey, Bull. 

 87, Cornell Exp. Sta. 

 (4) Various species of 



479. Types of beans. (Natural .size.) 



a. Vicia Faba. b. Phaseolus vulgaris, c. Phaseolus lunatus. 

 fl. Dolichos sesquipedalis (properly a Vigna). e. Glycine hispida. 

 /. Phaseolus multifforus. 



Dolichos (as D. sesquipedalis of gardens), or closely 

 related things. Vines which produce very long, slender 

 pods and small, narrow beans (Figs. 479rf, 482). Native 

 to tropical America. (.5) Soy, or Soja, bean {Glycine 

 hispida). A bushy, erect, hairy plant producing small 

 pods in clusters, and pea-like seeds (Figs. 479 e, 483). 

 In this country u.sed mostly for forage. Native to 

 China and Jai)an, where it is much grow-n. 



Asifle from the.se types, there are others of less econ- 

 omic importance. The Scarlet Runner type is a peren- 

 nial phaseolus (P. mulliflorus), grown in this country 

 tnosll.v for ornament (Figs. 479/, 484). The Tepary 

 bean, now gaining jirominence in the Southwest, is a 

 form of Ph.a.-icolus acuiifolius, a native species. Various 

 other species of Phaseolus are also cultivated in va- 

 rir.)us parts of the world under the name of beans. P. 

 radiatus is prized in .lapan, and has been introduced 

 into the United States as Adzuki Bean (see Georgeson, 

 Bull. 32. Kan, Exj). Sta.). Vigna sinensis, known in 

 North America as cowpea (which see), is sometimes 

 called a bean. The Velvet bean of the South is a 

 Mucuna (which see), recently, however, referred to 

 Stizolobium. The .lack bean is a Canavalia (Fig. 485). 

 Recent American studies on varieties and tvpes of 

 beans are Irish, Rep. Mo. Bot. Card. 1901, 81-165; 



