BERBERIS 



BERGEROCACTUS 



493 



B Fremdntii, Torr.= Mahoma Fremontii. — B. glaitca, Benth., 



not Kunth=B. Jamiesottii.— B. grdcMs, Hartw.=Mahonia gracilia. 



B hxmalncdrpa, Wooton=MahoDia ha;matocarpa. — B. helero- 



vhyita. Jus3. Allied to B. ilicifolia. Branches glabrous, yellowish 

 brown; spines 3-5-parted ; Ivs. persistent, obovate to oblong, '2-I \i 

 in long, entire, or with 2-4 spiny teeth: fls. solitary: fr. purplish 

 black. Straits of Magellan. H.E. 1:14. — B. hderniihiiUa, /-,shc\= 

 Mahonia heterophylla. — B. Hodkeri, Lem. (B. Jamicsonu. Hon.. not 

 Lindl. B. Wallichiana. Hook., not. DC). Allied to B. Sargcntmua. 

 Branchlets angular, stout, pale yellowish brown: Iva. elliptic-oblong 

 to oblong-lanceolate, sinu.ately spiny-toothed. 1-2 in. long; fls. 3^6; 

 pedicels slender: fr. oblong, large, with 4-8 seeds. Origin uncertain; 

 probably Himalayas. I.H. 6:207. B.M. 465B.— B. Hutchinsd/m. 

 Rehd =Mahonia arguta. — B. Jamiesdnii, Lindl. (B. glauca, Benth., 

 not Kunth). Evergreen shrub: branches terete, brownish red: Ivs. 

 oblong, 2-3 in. long, entire or with few teeth, lustrous, pale green 

 beneath; fls. in close panicles; pedicels ;2in. long. Peru. — Often 

 confused with B. Hookeri and B. Verschaffeltii.— B. japAmca, 

 Spreng =Mahonia japonica.— S. KniijUii, Hort.=B. Wallichiana 

 var latifolia.— B. (aurina Billbg. (B. Andreana, Naudin). Allied to 

 B buxifolia. Shrub, too ft.: branches glabrous, terete; spines to 1 in. 

 long: Ivs. oblanceolate, 1-3 in. long, entire, pale beneath: racemes 

 pendulous, to 5 in. long: fr. black, bloomy. S. Brazil. R.H. 1899, p. 

 9 — B laxifldra, Schrad. Allied to B. amurensis. Lvs. oval to oval- 

 eiliptic, obtuse, serration less dense, grayish green beneath: racemes 

 pendulous, 2-3 ' 2 in. long. Of unknown origin. — B. Lierhlenstcinn, 

 .Schneid Deciduous shrub, to 5 ft.: branches slightly angled, pur- 

 plish with strong spines: lvs. ovate to lanceolate, sinuately spiny, 

 light green beneath. >2-2 in. long: fls. in racemes 1-1 '2 m- long: 

 fr. globose, red, with 2 seeds. W. China. — B. loxensjs, Benth. Lvs. 

 persistent, oblong-obovate, entire or sometimes with a few spiny 

 teeth lustrous: fls. small in peduncled. loose racemes. Peru. F. t>. b, 

 p 69 — B. liicida, Schrad. Allied to B. vulgaris. Lvs. elliptic to 

 elliptic-oblong, dark green and lustrous above, obtuse, remotely and 

 finely serrate: racemes spreading, about 2 in. long: fr. red.. Of un- 

 known origin; possibly variety of B. vulgaris. — B. Li/cium, Royle 

 (B ruseifolia, Hort., not Lam. B. elegans, Hort.). Shrub, to b ft. or 

 more- branches terete, yellowish gray: Ivs. sub-persistent, obovate- 

 lanceolate, 'i-2 in. long, entire or spinulose: racemes sessile, longer 

 than the lvs., drooping: fr. violet. Himalayas. B.M. 7075. — B. 

 marrophylla. Hort.=B. Wallichiana var. latifolia. — B. marracAntha, 

 Schrad. Possibly B. a ristata X vulgaris. Branches yellowish gray: 

 lvs elliptic, acutish, remotely spiny-toothed, 1-2 in. long: racemes 

 nodding 1 1 2-2 ' 2 in. long; fr. red. Of unknown origin. — B. micTO- 

 phyUa var. sernUa, Hort.=B. serrata. — B. Afoutlltialna. bchneid. 

 Deciduous shrub, to 10 ft.; branches grooved, purplish, with simple 

 spines- lvs. obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, usually entire, light green 

 teneath '2-2 in. long; fls. in racemes, to 1>2 in. long; fr. scarlet, 

 with 2 seeds W. China. — B. oblonga. Schneid. (B. heteropoda var. 

 oblonga. Kegel.). Allied to B. heteropoda. Branches angular: Ivs. 

 obovate: racemes 10-20-fld.. usually compound near the base; ovary 

 with 2 sessile ovules; fr. oblong. Turkestan.— S. nepoiensis. bpreng. 

 =Mahonia nepalensis.— S. nervdsa. Pursh=Mahonia nervosa.— 

 B vdllida, Benth.=Mahonia pallida. — B. parmfldra. Lindl.=B. 

 ruscifolia — B. parvifdlia, Sprague. Allied to B. Wilsonae. Low shrub: 

 lvs half-evergreen, oblanceolate, entire or occasionally spiny- 

 toothed, glabrous and reticulate beneath: fls. fascicled, 3-6: fr. 

 globose, terra-cotta color. W. China.— B. pmnala, Lag.=Mahonia 

 pinnata — B. Prdttii, Schneid. Allied to B. polyantha. Shrub, to 

 10 ft • lvs. oblong-obovate. entire or with few spiny teeth, reticulate, 

 thinner; panicles narrow, to 6 in. long: fr. globose, salmon-red. W. 

 China Var. recurvdta, Schneid. Raceme narrow, spike-like; fr. on 

 reflexed pedicels. W. China.— B. pruindsa. Franch. Evergreen 

 shrub; branches brownish yellow, nearly terete; spines to 1 m. 

 long- lvs. ovate-oblong, H-2 in. long, strongly spmy-toothed, 

 whiti-sh beneath; fls. 8-25, fascicled, rarely in a pedtincled umbel: fr. 

 bluish black. S.W. China.— B. Rehderiana, Schneid. Allied to B. 

 koreana, but much smaller in every part, branches reddish brown, 

 slightly angled; spines 3-5-parted: lvs. obovate to oblong, spinose- 

 serrate, U-l H in. long: fls. 8-15, in a peduncled raceme; fr sub- 

 globose, bright red. Origin unknown.— Hardy, graceful shrub; the 

 fr remains unchanged until the following spring. — B. ripens, Lindl. 

 =Mahonia repens.— B. rolundifdUa, Hort.=Mahonia repens var. 

 rotundifolia.— B. ruscifdlia, Lam. (B. par\-iflora, Lindl.). Allied to 

 B buxifolia. Branches terete, yellowish gray; lvs. oblong, entire or 

 •»-ith a few coarse teeth, Jj-IH in- lo°8: ^^ 'n a 4-5-fld. pedunc ed 

 raceme; fr. bluish black. Argentine. J.H.S. 2;243.— B. n/sci/iha, 

 Hort =B Lycium. — B. sangutnea, Franch. Allied to B. Oagne- 

 painii Lvs. narrow-lanceolate, 5^-2 in. long, spinose-serrate, pale 

 beneath; fls. with red sepals, in fascicles of 2-4; pedicels ?4in. long: 

 fr bluish black. W. China. V.F. 16.— B. serdtina. Lange. Allied to 

 B' sinensis. Lvs. light green, oblanceolate, usually entire: racemes 

 short and dense. Origin unknown.— B. serrila. Koehne (B. micro- 

 phylla var. serrata, Hort.). Low, deciduous shrub: branches 

 grooved, reddish or yellowish brown: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, ; 2-I in. 

 long spinulose-serrate: racemes dense, short. Ongin unknown.— 

 B iMrica. Pall. Deciduous shrub: branches angular, yellowish 

 brown; spines 3-9-parted: lvs. obovate, remotely toothed: fls. soli- 

 tary or 2, short-pedicelled; fr. red. Sibena. B.R. b:4.S/.— B. AUra- 



TaroucAna. Schneid. Deciduous shrub, to 10 ft.; branches grooved, 

 brown; spines small or wanting: lvs. oblong-lanceolate or obovate- 

 oblong, obtuse, entire or with few small teeth, pruinose beneath, 

 1-.-2 in. long: racemes 1-2!.^ in. long; pedicels h-?4in- long: fr. 

 globose-ovoid, scarlet, with 1-2 seeds. W. China.— B. subcauhalala, 

 Schneid. Deciduous shrub; branches strongly angulatc; lvs. oblan- 

 ceolate )4-l in. long, acute, rarely 3-pointed at the apex, whitish 

 beneath: fls. in very short. 6-8-Bd. racemes or rarely fascicled, nod- 

 ding: fr. globose, red. W. China.— S. lenuifdlia, Lindl. =Mahonia 

 tenuifolia.— B. Ihihelica, Schneid. Deciduous shrub: branches an- 

 gular, purphsh, bloomy; Iva. obovate-lanceolate, H-1 in. long, 

 rounded or acutish, mucronulate, entire, whitish beneath: fls. in 



1-5-fld. fascicles; pedicels about Hin- 'ong- W. China,— B. Tisch- 

 Icri, Schneid. .\llied to B. diaphana. Shrub, to 8 ft.: branches 

 angled, gray, spiny; Ivs. obovate to oblong, obtuse, spinulose-ser- 

 rate, pruinose beneath, '.'2-I '4 in.: racemes 4-15-fld. ; pedicels H-l 

 in. long; fr. oblong, with a distinct style, pale red, pruinose. W. 

 China. — S. tohmcinsis, Hort. = Mahonia heterophylla. — B. triacan- 

 thdphora. Fedde. Allied to B. Gagnepainii: evergreen shrub, to 5 ft.: 

 branches terete, brown: lvs. linear-lanceolate with 2 to 5 spiny teeth 

 on each side or entire, glaucescent beneath, 1-2 in.; fls. 2-5, slender- 

 stalked: fr. black, ovoid, with sessile style. Cent. China. — B. tri- 

 folMa, Hartw.= Mahonia trifoliolata.— B. Irifolioldta. Moric.= 

 Mahonia trifoliolata. — B. trifurca, Forbes= Mahonia japoniea var. 

 trifurca. — S. umbellala, Wall. Deciduous shrub: branches angular, 

 gray; lvs. oblanceolate, usually entire, rarely sparsely serrulate; 

 racemes long-peduncled, usually umbel-like, sometimes elongated. 

 Himalayas. B.R. 30:44.— B. rcifr/ui, Schneid. Allied to B. levis. 

 Evergreen shrub: lvs. narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, sinuately 

 toothed with long and strong spines, 2-4 in. long: fls. 5-8, slender- 

 stalked: fr. ovoid, bluish black. Cent. China. — B. \ erischaff eltu, 

 Schneid. (B. Jamesonii. Lem., not Lindl.). Evergreen shrub: lvs. 

 oblong, 2-3 in. long, sparingly spiny-toothed: fls. orange in drooping 

 panicles. Ecuador. LH. 6:201.— B. nirescms. Hook. Deciduous 

 shrub, 2-5 ft.: branches yellowish red or red. lustrous, terete: lvs. 

 obovate, J 2-1 Ji in. long, spiny-toothed or entire, light green, whitish 

 beneath; fls. pale yellow, few, fascicled or in peduncled umbel- 

 like racemes; fr. purple, bloomy. Himalayas. B.M. 7116. — Graceful 

 shrub. Hardy at the Arnold Arboretum. — B. Wallichiana, DC. 

 Allied to B. .Sargentiana. Evergreen shrub, to 10 ft.; branches 

 grooved, spiny; Ivs. elliptic to lanceolate, spiny-serrate with nunaer- 

 ous small teeth, lustrous above, light green beneath, reticulate, 2-4 

 in long: fls. 10-20; pedicels about ■2in. long: fr. ovoid, black, with 

 usually 1 long-stalked seed. Himalayas. P.F.G. 1, p. 79 . Var. la/i- 

 fdlia Hook. f. & Thoms. (B. Knightii. Hort.. not. Koch. B. macro- 

 phylia, Hort.). Branchlets less grooved: Ivs. broader, thinner.-— 

 B. Wallichiana, Hook.=B. Hookeri.— B. yunnanensis, Franch. 

 Allied to B. diaphana. Branches grooved, gray: lvs. obovate-oblong, 

 1 in. long, entire, glaucous beneath: fls. 3-5, fascicled. S.W. China. 

 — Has been confused with B. diaphana- See page 3566. 



Alfred Rehder. 

 BERCHEMIA (derivation uncertain). Rhamnacese. 

 Ornamental woody clinibers, grown chiefly for their 

 bright green graceful fohage. 



Deciduous twining shrubs: lvs. alternate, entire or 

 nearly so, petioled, with conspicuous numerous parallel 

 veins: fls. perfect; sepals, petals and stamens 5; calyx- 

 tube shallow; ovary free, 2-celled, with a 2-parted 

 style: drupe oblong to cyhndric with a 2-celled stone.^ 

 About 12 species in S. and Cent. Asia, N. Amer. and 

 E. Afr. 



These slender climbing shrubs have inconspicuous 

 greenish white flowers in terminal panicles followed by 

 berry-like, small, usually oblong, black or red fruits 

 The cultivated species are not quite hardy North and 

 prefer sunny positions; they grow in almost any soil and 

 are useful for trelhs-work, when no dense shade is 

 desired. Propagation is by seeds and by root-cuttinga 

 in spring under glass; also by layering the young shoots 

 and by cuttings of mature wood in fall under glass. 



scandens, Koch {B. volubilis, DC). Supple-Jack. 

 Ten to 15 ft.: lvs. ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, 

 often undulate, 1-3 in. long, with 9-12 pairs of lateral 

 veins: fls. greenish white in small terminal pamcles: fr. 

 bluish black, M-lim. long. June. Southern states. 

 B.B. 2:404. S.O.B. 3:153. 



racemSsa, Sieb. & Zucc. Closely allied to the former. 

 Lvs. cordate, ovate, 1-2H in- long, with 6-8 paira of 

 veins: fls. greenish in large terminal panicles: fr. first 

 red, becoming black at length. July. Japan, China.— 

 Hardier than the former, not high-climbing; attractive 

 in late summer, with its red frs. 



B Giraldiina, Schneid. Allied to B. racemosa. Lvs. ovate- 

 oblong, 1-3 in. long, grayish white beneath, with 9-11 pairs of veins; 

 petiolSs »4in. long. W. China.— B. lineata, DC. AUied to B. scan- 

 Sens. Lvs. smaller, oblong-ovate, obtuse, with about 9 pairs of 

 veins, grayish white beneath. N. and W. China. 



Alfred Rehder. 



BERGAMOT. Name applied to various aromatic 

 plants, particularly to members of the Labiate, as 

 menthas and monardas. The bergamot essence of 

 commerce is made from a citrous fruit. See Citrus. 



BERGEROCACTUS (named for Alwin Berger, 

 Curator of the Hanbury Garden, at La Mortola, Italy). 

 Cactace^. A low, much-branched, day-blooming cactus 

 with cyhndrical, low-ribbed sts. : areoles close together, 



