4;>S 



B ETUI. A 



BETULA 



W ■ 



mimmMMf 



548. Betula pendula. 



only ;it the apex, tlip miiidlc lobe slijihtly lonsier. 



Fn)in Maine to Ala., west to eastern Ohio. S.S. 9:448. 



U.T. 124, 125. Em. 232. — Very hand.some tree, roinul- 



headed, juid with peiiiiiUoiis branches wh(>n older; 



attractive in spring, with its long stiuninate catkins. 



Bark and Ivs. largely used in domestic practice; 



branches and foliage yield an oil very similar to oil of 



wintergreen, iind employed for all conditions in which 



the latter proves use- 

 ful; bark iVs well ;is the 

 oil much used for 

 flavoring. 



5. latea, Michx. (B. 

 excclsa, Pursh, not 

 Ait.). Yellow Birch. 

 Fig. 517. Tree, some- 

 times 100 ft.: bark 

 silverj- gray or light 

 orange, on old tnmks 

 reddish brown; young 

 bark aromatic, but 

 somewhat bitter: 

 branch lets usually 

 pilose: Ivs. ovate or 

 oblong- ovate, usuall}' 

 rounded at the base, 

 acuminate, sharply and 

 doubly serrate, usually 

 hairy along the veins 

 beneath: cones like the 

 last, but thicker; scales 

 nearly J sin. long, lobed 

 to the middle, pubes- 

 cent outside. From Newfoundland west to Minn., 

 Bouth along the AUeghanies to the high peaks of N. C. 

 and Tenn. S.S. 9:449. Em. 235. H.T. 126, 127.— One 

 of the most valuable forest trees in the northern 

 states, much resembhng the former in habit. Var. 

 persicifdlia, Dipp., has larger and longer Ivs., often 

 ovate-lanceolate. 



DD. Shape of Ivs. ovate, broadest near the base and lusually 

 truncate or sometimes cordate: veins not impressed 

 above: petioles to 1 in. long. 



6. ulmifdlia, Sieb. & Zucc. {B. costata, Trautv.). 

 Tree, .50 ft.: bark yellowish brown: branches not, or 

 elightly glandular: Ivs. ovate, rarely oblong-ovate, 

 irregularly doubly serrate, with 9-14 pairs of veins, 

 long-acuminate, 2-3}^ in. long, hairy when unfolding, 

 glabrous at maturity: cones elliptic; scales glabrous, 

 with short, rhombic or obovate lateral lobes; wings 

 about half as broa<l as nutlet. Japan. Manchuria. 

 S.I.K. 1:22. W.B. 63. 



7. Erm^ii, Cham. Tree, 60 ft.: trunk white: 

 branches yellowish white or orange-colored; branchlets 

 usually glandular and pubescent when young: Ivs. 

 broadly triangular-ovate, acuminat e, irregularly coarsely 

 B<Trate, 2-4 in. long, hairy when unfolding, with 

 7-10 pairs of veins: cones oblong; scales pubescent, 

 with linear-oblong lobes, middle one somewhat longer; 

 wing."! about one-third as broad as nutlet. N. E. Asia, 

 Japan. S.l.F. 1:22. W.B. 63.— Handsome round- 

 headc-d tree, with slender branches. See page 3566. 



AA. Veins of Ivs. 7 or Uss pairs, not impressed. 



B. Wings usiuiUy broruler than the nvi. 



C. Hark white. 



D. Branddf.tx glabrous and ghruhilar: Ivs. usually rhonv- 



Inc-ovalf.: scales of strobiles luith divergent broad 



Ujfjejf Uirger than the middle lobe. 



8. populifdlia, Ait, (fi. tilfja var. populifdlia, Spach). 

 White Biwh. Small tree, exceptionally 40 ft., with 

 smooth white bark: branchlets with nuinerous resinous 

 Klands: ivs. slender, petioled, triangular or deltoid, 

 Iong-af;uminate, cfiarsely doubly serrate, glutinous when 



young, glabrous at length and shining: cones slender, 

 stalked, cylindric, about 1 in. long; bracts i)ubescent, 

 the lateral lobes divergent, about as long as the middle 

 one. From Mew Brunswick to Del., west to Ont. S.S. 

 9:450. H.T. 118, 119. Em. 1:242.— A small, graceful, 

 but short-lived tree, yet thriving in dry and poor soil. 

 Var. laciniata, Loud. Lvs. incised-laciniate. Var. pen- 

 dula, Loud. Branches distinctly pendulous. Var. pur- 

 purea, EUwanger & Barry. Lvs. purple when young, 

 green at length. B. populifolia x B. papyrifera is shown 

 in G.F. 8:356. It has been found wild in several locali- 

 ties, but i.s apparently not in cult. 



9. pendula, Roth {B.vcrrucbsa, Ehrh. B.dZfea, Linn., 

 in part). Figs. 548, 549. Tree, to 60 ft., with slender, 

 in older trees usually pendulous, branches: young 

 branchlets usually glandular: lvs. rhombic-ovate, ?4- 

 2' 2 in. long, glutinous when young, glabrous, usually 

 cuneate, sometimes truncate at the base, acurmnate, 

 doubly serrate; petioles slender, about 1 in. long: 

 strobiles cylindric, about 1 in. long, slender-peduncled, 

 usually pendulous: wings of nutlet about one and a half 

 to two and a half times as broad as its body. Eu. to 

 Japan. H.W. 2:15, p. 20. W.B. 76. Var. Tatischii, 

 Rehd. {B.japdnica, Sieb. B. dlba var. Taiischii, Shirai. 

 B. pendula var. japonica, Rehd.). Lvs. broadly ovate, 

 truncate or sometimes subcordate at the base, some- 

 times puberulous beneath and often with tufts of hairs 

 in the axils. S.l.F. 1:21. Var. dalecarlica, Schneid. 

 (B. laciniata, Wahl. B. hybrida, Blom). Lvs. more or 

 less deeply lobed with irregularly serrate-acuminate 

 lobes: branches on older trees pendulous. — A very 

 graceful tree. Var. fastigiata, Koch {B. dlba fastigidta, 

 Carr. B. pendula pyramiddlis, Dipp.). With straight 

 upright branches, forming a narrow columnar pyr- 

 amid. G.C. in. 41:151. M.D.G. 16:164. Var. tristis, 

 Schneid. With very slender, strongly pendulous 

 branches, forming a round regular head. Var. Yotingii, 

 Schneid. (B. dlba pendula Youngii, Moore. B. pendula 

 elegans, Dipp. B. dlba elegantlssima pendula, Hort.). 

 Branches very slender, strongly pendulous; primary 

 branches spreading or recurved, forming an irregular 

 picturesque head ; similar in habit to the weeping beech. 

 F. 1873, p. 60. R.H. 1869, p. 136. On. 6, p. 528. Var. 

 gracilis, Rehd. {B. 

 dlba laciniata graci- 

 lis pendula, Hort. 

 B. elegans lacini- 

 ata, Hort.). Habit 

 like the preceding, 

 with laciniate lvs. 

 Much slenderer and 

 smaller and of 

 slower growth than 

 var. dalecarlica. 

 Var. purpurea, 

 Schneid. {B. vulgaris 

 purpiirea, Andre. 

 B. dlba atropur- 

 piirea, Lauche. B. 

 pubescens atropurpiirca, Zahel). Lvs. dark purple. R.B. 

 4:185. 



DD. Branchlets pubescent and slightly glandular or gland- 

 less: lvs. generally ovate, rounded at the base: 

 bracts with the lateral lobes upright or spreading, 

 shorter than the middle lobe. 



10. pubescens, Ehrh. (B. odordta, Bechst. B. dlba, 

 Linn., in part). Tree, to 60 ft.: branches upright or 

 spreading, rarely pendulous in old trees; branchlets 

 pubescent and glandless: lvs. ovate or rhombic-ovate, 

 1-2 in. lf)ng, rounded, truncate or cuneate at the base, 

 acute, usually unequally and doubly serrate, pubescent 

 beneath, at least while young: strobiles cylindric, about 

 1 in. long, upright or nodding; scaL-s puberulous, 

 lateral lobes upright or spreading, rarely recurved. N. 

 and Cent. Eu. to E. Siberia. H.W. 2, pp. 24, 25. Var. 



549. Leaves of Betiila pendula. ( X J 3 



