500 



BETl'LA 



BIENNIALS 



Krios. B. puboscens X B. nnna). Shrub: Ivs. orbicvilar or ovate. H" 

 1 in. lonj!. crvnate-sorrate, usually pubescent while young, and often 

 glutinous, finely glabrous: strobiles oblong; lateral lobes of seale up- 

 nchl and usually shorter than the middle one. N. Kvi. — Natural 

 h>-brid; ver>' variable. — B. Jdckii, Schneid. (B. leuta xpumilu). 

 Shrub: bark of the wlor of B. lenta: Ivs. usually obovate, 1-2 in. 

 long, usually with about 7 pair» of veins: strobiles oblong, 3-a-?4in. 

 long; latenu Iol»ej^ of scales spreading, somewhat shorter than the 

 middle one. Originated at the .\rnold .\rboretuin.' G.F. S:2-i.'>. — 

 B. kr'u'nai, Kvans. .\llietl to B. occideutalis. Tree, to 40 ft.: bark 

 (frayish white or light re<ldish brown: brauchlets glabrous, not or 

 slightly glandular; Ivs. ovate. 1 '-^-2 in. long, cuneate or rounded at 

 the bji-se. irregxilarly. often doubly serrate, glabrous: strobiles cylin- 

 dric-oblong. about I in. long, glabrous. .-Vlaska. S.S. 14:723. — B, 

 K&hnei. Schneid. (B. papyrifera xpi^ndula). Intermediate between 

 the parents. Tn*e: branchlets sparingly pubescent: Ivs. ovate. 2-3 H 

 in. long, usually truncate at biuso. acuminate: rather finely and 

 doubly -^Trale; scales of strobiles similar to those of B. papyrifera. 

 Origin unknown. — B. luminifera. Winkl. .\llied to B. alnoides. Lvs. 

 ovate, subcorxiale at the ba.se. serrate with acuminate teeth, 3- .5 in. 

 long; strobiles solitary. 2-3 in. long. Cent. China. W. 92. — B.Med' 

 u-f<ijetrii, Kegel. .Allied to B. utilis. Tree: young branchlets hairy; 

 Ivs. broadly ovate to obovate. 2-3 in. long, rounded or sometimes 

 subcordate at the base, short-acuminate, glabrous or pubescent on 

 ihe veins beneath: strobiles cylindric-oblong. l-I ^4 in. long; wings 

 of ntitle: often 4 times narrower than it.s body. Caucasus. Gt. 30, 

 p. ;W4. — B, orCH/ca/(Ui\s, Xutt.. not Hook.=B. fontinalis. — B. Pur- 

 piiMi, Schneid. {B. lutca X pumila). Shrubby or small tree: lvs. 

 oblong-ovate. 1-2 in. long, with 7-9 pairs of veins, .soft-pubescent 

 beneath. Intro, to Ku. from Mich. — B. Riutdeana, Trautv. Tree: 

 Ivs. ovate-pulx'soent on the veins beneath, with 6-7 pairs of veins, 

 1-2 in. long: strobiles oblong, upright, ?4in. long; wings a.s broad as 

 nutlet. Caucasua. Gt. 3B, p. 384. — B. rhombif&lia, Nutt.=B. 



'""''";'""• Alfred Rehder. 



BIARUM (old and obscure name). Incl. Ischarum. 

 AiiUia. Dwarf, tuberous perennials of the same tribe 

 with our native jaek-in-the-pulpit. They are hardy in 

 England, but probably are suitable only for pot-cul- 

 ture in the Northern United States. 



Bianims have a spathe which is tubular at the base, 

 mcstly with a long limb, and usually a long tail-hke 

 spadi.x; otherwise much as in Arum. They grow a few 

 inches high. Odd. l^ittle known in Amer. A few spe- 

 cies in Eu. and Asia Minor. 



tenuifdlium, Schott {Arum tenuifblium, Linn.). 

 I.v.s. linear-lanceolate or spalulate, appearing after the 

 fis. decay: spathe long-acuminate, at length recurved 

 and twisted spirally, about 10 in. long, outside green, 

 streaked purple; inside dull purple, spotted; margins 

 wavy; spadix 15 in. long. Spain. B.M. 2282. 



Pyramii, Engler (I.schdrum Pyrdmii, Schott). Lvs. 

 oblong above the middle, narrowing abruptly to a very 

 long petiole, resembling ('alia paluxlris: spathe green 

 outside, shining, velvety purple within, shorter and 

 broader than in B. ()/'«^orMm, at length revolute; tube 

 swelling, connate onlv at the very base; spadix thicker 

 and shorter. Syria. B.M. .5324. 



Bdvei, Blimie. Lvs. similar to B. Pyramii; spathe- 

 tuhe connate a fourth of its length; blade of spathe 

 longr-r and more narrowly lanceolate, green outside, 

 dark purple within. Syria, Asia Minor. L. H. B. 



BIDENS CLatin, lv;o-ieelh, in reference to the awns). 

 Comp6isiUe. Buk-M.\kigold. STicK-TiiiHTS. Tick-Seed. 

 Annual, or rarely perennial, herbs, mostly American, 

 related to Coreopsis, Dahlia, and Cosmos. 



Leaves opposite, serrate or incised, often pinnately or 

 temately divided: heads radiate or discoid; rays yellow 

 or white; disk yellow; involucre double, the outer set of 

 bracts ^een and more or less foliaceous, the inner of 

 quite different texture and shai)e, more appresscd, 

 thinner, more scarious and striate: achencs flat or 

 angled; pappus of 2-4 stiff bristles or awns, usually 

 Ti-ATtini-Xy barbed. — Plants grown as garden annuals. 

 B. fronilom, a common weed, is the well-known boot- 

 jack bur, or stick-tiglit. 



A. AcheneH obovate or cuneate-ohlong, more or lens jlatlened 

 or IrinngnUir, tfie/oren vni-coHtate: texture of If. medium. 



B. Size of ncheneH sm/iU (1-2 lines long) with firm gla- 



t/rouH margirtu: inner involucre dark dotted. 

 coronAta, FLsch. (Coredpsis aiirea, Ait.). St. 1-4 ft. 

 hig>i, branched above, glabrous or nearly so: lvs. ter- 



nately or ijinnatcly (li\ided: outer involucre about 

 ctiualing the dark-dotted inner: achenes dark, very 

 sinidl, 1-2 lines long, narrowly cuneate, 3-angled, mar- 

 gin firm and glabrous; pappus of 2—4 minute awns and 

 some chaff. S. E. U. S. — Very variable. 



nn. Size of achencs larger {2-4 lines long) with fiispid 

 margins: involucre not dotted. 



trichosperma, Brit. {Coreopsis trichospSrma, Michx.). 

 St. tall, 2-5 ft. high, glabrous, branched above: lvs. 

 pinnatifitl: outer involucre about equaling the undotted 

 inner: achenes dark, larger, 23-2-4 hnes long, cuneate, 

 moderately flat, margin firm, usually pubescent; pap- 

 pus of 2 upwardly hispid broad-based awns about }^ 

 line long. E. U. S. Var. tenuifolia, Brit. Lf.-segms. 

 narrowly linear: achenes 2-3 hnes long. 



aristosa, Brit. {Coreopsis ai-istdsa, Michx.). St. 1-4 

 ft. high, branched above, nearly or quite glabrous: 

 lvs. pinnatifid, often pubescent beneath: outer involu- 

 cre about equ:iling the undotted inner: achenes olive 

 or brownish, large, 2-4 lines long, broad and very flat 

 1-2J4 hnes broad, abruptly contracted at summit, 

 margin thin and hispid, often crenulate; pappus awna 

 2, each 1-2 lines long, divergent, stramineous, up- 

 wardly or downwardly barbed, or sometimes entirely 

 wanting. Cent. U. S. B.M. 6462. R.H. 1869:72. 



AA. Aclienes linear-spindle-shaped, tapering gradually 

 above, angled or costate: texture of If. usually firmer. 



B. Lvs., in part, finely dissected: rays large, golden yellow. 



grandiflflra, Balb. St. 1-4 ft. high, branched, gla- 

 brous and somewhat glaucous: lvs. pinnatifid, the 

 divisions either lanceolate and serrate or dissected into 

 narrowly hnear divisions: outer involucre about equal- 

 ing the more or less hirsute inner; rays large, golden 

 yellow: achenes 3-6 lines long; awns 2, downwardly 

 barbed, about 1 line long. Mex. — A showy plant some- 

 times cult, in Amer. 



BB. Lvs. or their divisions lanceolate to ovate: rays pale 

 yellow or whitish. 

 Warszewicziana, Regel. Erect, glabrous perennial: 

 lvs. simple, or pinnate or rarely bipinnate, the lobes 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate: heads corymbose, the 

 involucral bracts ciliate; petals whitish or yellowish, 

 of medium size: achenes compressed, angular, the 

 angles ciliate. Guatemala. — Hardy N. only with pro- 

 tection. 



pilosa, Linn. St. 2-5 ft. high, much branched, nearly 

 glabrous: lvs. ternate or pinnate, divisions lanceolate, 

 incised-serrate with somewhat rounded teeth: outer 

 involucre about equaling the glabrous or minutely 

 puberulent inner: rays short, 1-3 times as long as the 

 involucre, cream y- white : achenes 4-7 hnes long; awns 

 2-4, downwardly barbed, 13-2 hnes long. Tropics. — 

 Sometimes grown in botanic gardens. 



B. dahUoidts, Wats. A perennial "with dahlia-like tubers, Mcs, 

 G.C. III. 48:220. R.H. 1910, p. 475. 



K. M. WiEGAND and N. Taylor. 



BIENNIALS. Plants that bloom a year after the 

 seeds are sown, then make seeds and die. Familiar 

 examples among vegetables are cabbage, turnips, 

 celery and onions, but in warm or long-season climates 

 they become annuals. Even in northern gardens, celery, 

 carrots and beets, if permitted to crowd, will often rim 

 to seed the first year. On the other hand, many bien- 

 nials, such as hollyhocks and others, are practically 

 perennial because they self-sow, or multiply by off- 

 shoots, so that there is little danger of losing them. 

 Such cases give rise to discussion as to whether a plant 

 is an annual, biennial, or perennial, but the practical 

 problems are few and simple, and are commonly con- 

 nectetl with the following favorite flowers: 



Hollyhock {Althud ro.si-a), snaptlragon {Antirrhinum 

 ynajus), English daisy {Bellis perennis), Canterbury 



