BUDS 



BUFFALO BERRY 



587 



678. Sections of pear 

 buds — fruit-bud on the left, 

 leaf-bud on the right. 



Interest in buds centers in their spring activity, 

 properly in the awakening and growth resulting when 

 the conditions have remained favorable sufficiently 

 long. Leaves and axes enlarge and elongate rapidly, 

 bursting asunder the dead scales and often carrying 

 forward the expanding younger ones. Tlie growth of 

 the younger scales exhibits 

 the true nature of these 

 structures, some of which are 

 found to be leaf petioles, some 

 petioles with minute blades; 

 and various other modifica- 

 tions occur. Many resting- 

 buds are awakened from their 

 comparative inactivity by a 

 few days of favorable weather. 

 These are "early" flowers, 

 and of this type are the lilac 

 and the golden bell. Other 

 buds require a longer period, 

 such as the oak and the hick- 

 ory. It is not strange, therefore, that some plants lend 

 themselves readily to early forcing by etherization, the 

 hot water treatment, and the like, while others are 

 with great difficulty forced. 



In the preceding, more specific mention has been 

 made of buds which develop leafy shoots, that is of 

 leaf-buds. It is clear, however, that the resting-bud, 

 as well as an herbaceous bud, maj' develop a single 

 flower, as in the peach; a cluster of flowers, as in the 

 red maple; or a shoot with leaves and flowers, as in the 

 apple and Norway maple. The occurrence of leaf- and 

 flower-buds with respect to the age of the twig and the 

 relation of pruning to bud disposition are questions of 

 special horticultural interest, but cannot receive con- 

 sideration in this brief account. Illustrations of flower- 

 buds and leaf-buds are shown in Figs. 676-679. 



Buds are normally produced terminally and in the 

 axes of leaves, the latter arrangement therefore corres- 

 ponding to leaves; but under exceptional circumstances 

 they may arise from the growing tissue of any member. 

 Buds from the roots of the sweet potato and dahlia are 

 important in propagation; likewise are those produced 

 by the leaves of certain species of Begonia. 

 As a matter of fact, buds originating from 

 internodes, roots and leaves — so-called re- 

 generative-buds — are not uncommon; but 

 the development in such situations occurs 

 as a rule only when normal buds are not 

 present. 



Buds with the leaves and leaf-parts sur- 

 rounding them are sometimes organs of 

 food -accumulation. The typical bulb is 

 little more than a fleshy bud, and there are 

 all gradations between the typical bulb and 

 the tj^pical tuber — the latter with many 

 buds. Small bullj-like buds occur in Lilium 

 bulbiferum and a few other plants, and they 

 are alwaj-s important in propagation. It 

 requires no stretch of the imagination to 

 classify the edible shoots of brussels sprouts 

 among unusual buds, and from this it is no 

 great leap to the monstrous "bud" of the 

 cabbage. 



Literature: Bailey, Lessons with Plants, 

 The Macmillan Company; Strasburger (el 

 al.), A Text-Book of Botany, The Macmil- 

 lan Company; Percival, .Xgricultural Botanj-, 

 Duckworth & Co. 15. m. Dcggar. 



3UETTNERIA (D. S. Aug. Buettner, 

 1721-176S, German botanist). ByUneria. 

 StercuHacese. About .50 herVjs, shrubs or 

 trees of diverse habit, native to eastern anfl 

 western tropics, scarcely known in cult. 

 Some are prickly climbers or scramblers. 



Fls. .small, usually dark purple or greeni.sh, in umbck 

 or cymes; petals .5, long-clawed, hooded and oddly 

 appendaged at the top: fr. a 5-celled, globose spiny 

 woody caps. One species is catalogued in S. Calif. : B. 

 urticif61ia, Schum., from S. Brazil, Argentina: Climb- 

 ing shrub; branches grooved, spiny, nearly glabrous: 

 Ivs. long-petioled, cordate-ovate, acuminate, coarsely 

 serrate, appressed-hairy on both sides: fis. yi-]/2 in. 

 acro.ss, 3-.5 in a stalked umbel. 



BUFFALO BERRY (Shepherdia argentea, Nutt 

 Lepargyrsea argentea, Greene). Elseagnaceae. Fig. 680. 

 A shrub 6 to 18 feet in height, native from Mani- 



toba and Saskatchewan south to Colorado, Nevada and 

 New Mexico, now grown in the upper Mississippi Valley 

 and northward for its abundant acid fruits. 



The buffalo berry was brought into use early, men- 

 tion being made in Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture 

 for 1841, page 251, of its being frequently cultivated. 

 It is a handsome ornamental shrub, with silvery foliage 

 and red berries. Occasional plants are found with yel- 

 low fruit. The plant is dioecious; therefore, care should 

 be taken, if fruit is desired, to plant both staminate and 

 pistillate plants. Western nurser3'men are beginning 

 to offer these two kinds of plants separately in the 

 ratio of one staminate to four pistillate plants, but the 

 best proportion is not yet known. Many persons who 

 plant the buffalo berry are disappointed by securing 

 only one sex. The staminate or male plants may be 

 known in their winter condition by the dense clusters 

 of rounded flower-buds; the pi-stillate or female plants 

 by the smaller, flattened, fewer, more slender flower- 

 buds. 



The fruit varies greatly in size, quality and season, 

 and is gathered in large quantities for culinary use. It 

 makes a delicious jelly. Some berries are of sprightly 

 flavor, good for eating out of hand. They can also be 

 dried for winter use. The fruit is generally considered 

 better when touched bj' frost, less sugar being required. 

 The name is .said to have come from the custom of eat- 

 ing the berries as a sauce with buffalo meat in the early 

 days. The buffalo l)err\- makes a fine thorny hedge, 

 that is both useful and ornamental. 



It is found that sprouts received as dug up in the 

 native thickets from various parts of the Northwest 

 do not always transplant satisfactorily; a year in a 

 nursery row- gi\'es them better roots and secures an 



