Foreign Notices : — France. 371 



Without Steam. \ With Steam. 



In 5 minutes, 130°; in 10 min., 180° ; in 15 min., In 5 min., 120° ; in 10 min., 185° ; in 13 min., 



200°; in 20 min., 210°. 208° ; boiled briskly in 14 min. 



In 5 min., 145°; boiled in lOi min. In 5 min., 150°; boiled in 10 min. 



Ditto ditto in 10 min. I Ditto ditto in 9 min. 



In other trials only one pint of water was used. 



In 3 min., 120°; in 5 min., 160°; in 7 min., 190° ; 



in 81 min., boiled. 

 In 3 min., 140°; in 5 min., 190°; in 6^ min., 



boiled. 



In 3 min., 140°; in 5 min., 190°; in 6i min., 



boiled. 

 In 3 min., 160° ; in 5 min., boiled. 



In numerous other experiments, performed in a similar manner, the results 

 were found to be alwa\s the same; the water invariably boiling more rapidly 

 when the steam was transmitted through the furnace, so that there was evi- 

 dently an increase of heat. The following experiments on the quantity of 

 water evaporated in a given time are also in proof of this. The same furnace 

 and steam apparatus were used as in the preceding trials, but a smaller vessel 

 was employed for the evaporation of the water. The furnace was in good 

 condition, and contained coke ; and there was half a pint of water in the pan. 



Without Steam. I With Steam. 



In 2} min., boiled; in 8 min., the furnace lost In 2^ rain., boiled; in 8 min., lost 5 oz. 

 4oz. I 



With one pint of water 



In 7 min., boiled ; in 15 min., lost 4J oz. I In 5 min., boiled ; in 15 min., lost 7 oz. 



In 4 min., boiled ; in 12 min., lost 6f oz. | 



" In all of these experiments," continues Dr. Fyfe, " I found that, when 

 the steam was used, it required the air to be freely admitted to the inflammable 

 matter. Indeed, when this was not done, instead of there being an increase, 

 there was less heat ; the water in the evaporating pan not being made to boil 

 so quickly when steam was passed through the fuel as when it was omitted." 

 (^Jameson'' s Journ., No. 45., July, 1837, p. 187.) 



Washing by Steam was invented, many years ago, by the celebrated chemist 

 Chapfal, and the process has been since improved on by Cadet-Devaux, by 

 Curandeau, and, lastly, by M. Bourgnon de Layre. It is now employecl in all 

 the principal hospitals in Paris. The process, by the last improvement, is con- 

 ducted much in the same way that potatoes used to be steamed for cattle, in 

 Scotland, about 30 years ago ; that is, the clothes to be washed are placed 

 over the boiler; the steam rises, and is condensed among them into water, 

 which falls into the boilers, carrying the dirt with it, and is again sent up pure 

 in the form of steam, the dirt, from its gravity, remaining in the boiler ; and this 

 alternate rarefaction and condensation is continued till all the dirt of the 

 clothes has been abstracted from them and mixed with the water in the boiler, 

 which is occasionally let off and removed. The saving of water, fuel, and 

 labour is so great, that blankets can be washed in Paris at less than a forthing 

 a pair. The principal part of the expense is that of soaking the blankets 

 that are to be washed, in a mixture of soft soap and water previously to placing 

 them in the steam apparatus. {L'E'cIio du Monde Savant, June 7. 1837.) 



Art. II. Foreign Notices. 



FRANCE. 



Artesian Wells. — The Artesian well at the abbatoir, near the Barri^re de 

 Grenelle, becomes every day more interesting. The boring has already reached 

 the enormous depth of 1360 ft. Whatever may be the result of this under- 

 taking, says the Prefect of the Seine, in his last report to the municipal council, 

 it camiot Lut be interesting to geologists, from its connexion with their science ; 

 and to the industrious, from its pointing out the chance of success in similar 

 trials. Success will lead to another result, already foreseen by philosophers, 

 which consists in the high temperature of such a well: consequently, the water 

 may be instantly employed in warm baths. 



BB 2 



