152 [Senate 



yellow birch, whfte pine; the hoops of blue beech, yellow birch, 

 black ash. 



Flour barrels — Staves of oak, ash, beech, chesnut, with hoops of 

 black oak, hickory, white oak, chesnut. 



Beef and Pork Barrels — White oak staves, with white oak and 

 hickory hoops. 



Paits and tubs — Cedar, white pine, white ash, oak, cypress. 



Tobacco and Rice Casks — Loblolly and long-leafed pine. 



Sieves, Cheese Hoops — White ash, hickory. 



Churns — White ash, red cedar, white pine, with hickorv or ash 

 hoops. 



Coach Making — Pannelsare made of tulip tree, basswood, butter- 

 nut, frames of black birch, yellow birch, wjite ash, canoe birch, per- 

 simmon. 



Shafts — Of white ash. 



Civil Architecture, Frames — Of white pine, yellow pine, white 

 oak, black oak, sweet gum, loblolly pine, tulip tree, long-leaved pine, 

 blue ash, cypress. 



Roofs — Of black spruce, white oak, black oak, tulip tree, white 

 cedar, loblolly pine, cypress. 



Sheathing — Of hemlock, spruce, white pine, yellow pine, long- 

 leaved pine, tulip tree, blue ash, hackberry. 



Clapboards — White pine, tulip tree. 



Shingles — White pine, spruce, chesnut, yellow pine, arbor vitiae, 

 cypress, white cedar, black oak, loblolly pine, tulip tree. 



Lathing — Hemlock, spruce, white pine, larch, black spruce. 



Mr. Grice — Black walnut is objectionable for ship timber, when 

 growing in dense forests. In the western country, several years ago, 

 vessels were built of it. One opened in Philadelphia, four years old, 

 the black walnut was found to be entirely decayed. The white oak 

 plank was much injured by worms. Field white oak lasts well: so 

 does pasture oak if in action, but when laid up soon decays. In 

 motion, the duration extends to fifteen, twenty, and sometimes thirty 

 years. The live oak, grown on hummocks near the sea, is much 

 more durable than that of the forest. 



Chairman — Dunham preferred yellow pine for steam engine frames. 

 Russian birch, called maple in England, is used for tanning what is 

 called Russian leather; it has a peculiar odor; many uses are made 

 of tliis wood. The Chinese use wood from hats to ships; numerous 

 applications are made of it. Casks made for spirits will not hold 

 molasses; the heads are too hard; softer wood is necessary for that 

 purpose. 



Mr. Glen — Pine is objectionable for liquors; it imparts a taste not 

 liked — would do so, probably, to molasses. 



Chairman — Engravers on wood have tried to infuse Bismuth and 

 other fusible metals into iheir blocks. What has been the result? 

 Are there new methods of seasoning wood? What is bullet wood? 

 In the W( st Indies it is worth about $4 per ton — is used as fire wood. 

 It is highly valuable for some purposes. I refer toHolzapffel, page 

 seventy-seven. 



