No. 85.] 455 



averaged two feet each. The expense of plowing, rolling, hoeing, 

 taking up, seed, &c., amounted to $4.75. 



I have invariably found that turneps, like almost all of that genus 

 of plants, grow much better on fresh broken up ground, than on land 

 that has been lately used for other crops, though it be well manured, 

 and in a high state of cultivation. I would also state that if it 

 is the wish of the grower to obtain good turneps, they must be well 

 thinned out. I am fully convinced that by thinning them from 12 

 to 18 inches apart, they will produce more weight than 6 or 9 inches, 

 as is usually done. 



Respectfully yours, 



JOHN W. WOOD. 



Bloomingdale, JV. F., JYov. 1st, 1844. 



CHRISTOPHER ALLEN'S METHOD OF RAISING 

 CAULIFLOWERS. 



The seed should be sown the first week in March in a temperate 

 hot-bed ; in a northern aspect, in about a month the plants should be 

 pricked out in a cool bed, with a slight protection until the first of 

 May, then planted in the open ground two feet apart. 



I have for fifteen years been very successful in raising cauliflower, 

 and I find by experience that stony ground, with little manure, pro- 

 duces finer heads than land richly manured. It is quite unnecessary 

 to land the plants from the time they are put out. 



This year I have been very successful with potatoes. I recommend 

 early planting — say about the 10th of March. On the 20th of June 

 I had them for table use ; the kind — purple kidney. 

 Very respectfully, 



CHRISTOPHER ALLEN. 



Stat en Island J Jan. ddj 1845. 



STATEMENT OF JOHN L'HOMMEDIEU, Jr. 



BUTTER. 



The butter for which I was awarded the premium of the American 

 Institute, was made after the following manner : After straining the 

 milk it is put into the pans, where it remains until it has become suf- 

 ficiently thick, and ready for the churn. When it has undergone the 

 process of churning, the butter is removed, and placed in a wooden 

 bowl, which should be well scalded previous to using. After stand- 

 ing until it has become cold, the milk should be entirely worked out 

 of it. Then wash it well with cold spring water ; put in about four 



