No. 200.] 113 



process has saved a whole wheat crop on one field, while a neighbor- 

 ing one was destroyed by the worm. The damage done by this in- 

 sect is not the same every year, it depends upon the season. Another 

 insect, called curcuilo, stings apples ; another the plum ; another the 

 pear ; and another the peach, apricot, and nectarine. More than half 

 our apples are stung soon after they are formed. The nit is put into 

 the apple when very young ; it soon hatches and begins to eat ; if it 

 strikes the heart of the apple, the apple soon falls off, so that the 

 wounded apples begin to drop, from ihe size of peas. Gather all the 

 wounded fruit carefully, destroy them — turn in hogs, who will eat 

 them all up — make a hog pen of a plum orchard, and you can have 

 good plums ; paving around the trees has saved the fruit, the worm 

 cannot enter the ground to continue the race. The wound on the 

 plum is seen by a gummy exudation. Birds pick up a good many of 

 the insects fallen to the ground. 



I was annoyed in my vineyard by the rose bug. I first picked them 

 oflF in basins wiih some hot water in them — held them under the vines, 

 and touched them— the bugs fell in. I killed many basins in that 

 way. At lenoth I discovered whence all these bugs came. I ob- 

 served that they issued from holes in the ground, like a pepper box. 

 They first crawled up the trees — gradually acquired the use of their 

 wings — had remained all winter in the ground, and the new progeny 

 return to it in autumn. By plowing late in the fall, I turned them up 

 to freezing weather, and thus got rid of them all but a few. What 

 few now appear I have picked off by my workmen. Whoever will 

 show us practical methods of saving all our crops from the insects, 

 will benefit his fellow men millions of dollars. 



R. T. UNDERHILL. 



FENCES. 



Wire fences are made by planting posts firmly in the earth, at a 

 distance of eight or ten feet from each other, and then by means of 

 some tension machine, stretching any required number of wires, at 

 suitable distances, one above the other, from post to post, and then 

 securing them by means of a turn around the stems of large headed 

 nails driven almost home, 



[Assembly, No. 200.] 8 



