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fall, Men grew proud ; they began to disdain the labors of the farnn; 

 ihey chained their captives, and compelled them to labor during the 

 day ; and at night, says Columella, the best method to manage such 

 an obstinate race is to have a cellar with a strong deck over it, ^ iih a 

 hole therein just large enough to Jet out one man at a time. These cap- 

 tives were much larger than the Romans, and required great care and 

 severity to render their services available in the labors of the field. 

 Cicero, the eloquent Cicero, had ten thousand of these white, jair- 

 haired, blue-eyed slaves upon his own estates. 



This system could not endure, and poor Rome soon felt, by tufns, 

 the horrors of famine. The world was ransacked for grain to feed the 

 Roman people. Egypt, Sicily, Spain, every colony was compelled to 

 send its grain to Italy. On one occasion the emperor, excited by the 

 cries of the famished citizens of the imperial city, on account of the 

 much delayed arrival of grain, in a public and solemn manner, in the 

 presence of the people, vowed to the gods, that unless the grain to feed 

 his people should arrive within three days, he would (showing it) 

 plunge that dagger into his own bosom. 



The grain arrived in time to prevent the sacrifice. The glory of na- 

 tions, their virtue and their high agriculture, are three inseparable 



FACTS ! ! 



What was England for fifteen hundred year.< ? Her history will 

 show you, that her population never exceeded six millions during all 

 that time. In 1509, gardening began to be of some importance in En- 

 gland. Before that time vegetables were imported from the Nether- 

 lands. Then began the culture in England of cabbages, gooseberries, 

 musk melons, apricots, garden roots, &c. The damask rose was in- 

 troduced by Dr. Linacre, physician of Harry the 8th. In J 526, roses 

 were first consecrated as presents from the Pope ! Hops from France ! 

 Pippm apples, by Leonard Mascal, in 1525. Corinthian grapes, now 

 called currants, from Zante, in 1555. Musk roses, and several plums 

 from Italy, by Lord Cromwell. July flowers, and carnations, in 1567. 

 Tulips from Vienna, in 1578. Asparagus, oranges, lemons, artichokes, 

 cauliflowers, beans, peas, lettuce, in 1660. Then began the popula- 

 tion of England to grow. Then began the creation of the farmer. 

 Then arose the delightful dwellings of the yeomanry of England, on 

 the domains which, for more than a thousand years, had been occu- 

 pied by feudal vassals, styled in the old law books villiens, over whom 





